In-House IgM Dot-Blot Assay for Serodiagnosis of Human Leptospirosis: Development, Standardisation, and Performance Evaluation
Laboratory confirmation of human leptospirosis relies on serological tests, with the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) as the reference. However, due to its complexity, there is a need for a simpler and more accessible diagnostic method. This study aimed to standardise and develop an IgM dot-blot...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/6/1307 |
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| Summary: | Laboratory confirmation of human leptospirosis relies on serological tests, with the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) as the reference. However, due to its complexity, there is a need for a simpler and more accessible diagnostic method. This study aimed to standardise and develop an IgM dot-blot test with a whole-cell antigen from saprophytic <i>Leptospira biflexa</i> serovar Patoc for diagnosing human leptospirosis. After checkerboard titration standardisation, IgM dot-blot was performed with paired serum samples from 124 MAT-confirmed leptospirosis cases and 143 serum samples from healthy and diseased individuals as the control group. Repeatability and reproducibility were also evaluated. An IgM dot-blot kit was then developed and compared to the Panbio<sup>TM</sup> Leptospira IgM ELISA using 144 serum samples from patients with suspected leptospirosis. The IgM dot-blot showed a sensitivity of 58.1% and 96.0% when performed on acute and convalescent samples, respectively. Specificity was 94.4%. The repeatability and reproducibility of the IgM dot-blot showed 100% consistency. Comparison of IgM dot-blot and IgM ELISA showed almost perfect agreement, with a Kappa index of 0.81. The developed IgM dot-blot offers a robust alternative to existing methods, requiring minimal specialised equipment and fewer reagents than IgM ELISA. The good performance of this IgM dot-blot immunoassay makes it a promising tool for diagnosing human leptospirosis, potentially increasing diagnostic capacity, especially in places with limited resources. |
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| ISSN: | 2076-2607 |