Effect of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (rhGH) Use on Genetic Methylation Patterns and Their Relationship with Body Composition in Small-for-Gestational-Age (SGA) Newborns
<b>Background:</b> Low birth weight in newborns is of multifactorial origin (fetal, maternal, placental, and environmental factors), and in one-third of cases, the cause is of unknown origin, with high infant morbidity and mortality. The main treatment for regaining weight and height in...
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2025-05-01
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| author | Juan M. Alfaro Velásquez Elsa Maria Vásquez Trespalacios Rodrigo Urrego María C. Arroyave Toro María del Pilar Montilla Velásquez Cecilia Maria Díaz Soto Juan C. Zuluaga Vélez Verónica Jaramillo Henríquez Jorge Emilio Salazar Flórez Fernando P. Monroy Hernando Alirio Palacio Mosquera Sara Vélez Gómez Ronald Guillermo Pelaez Sánchez |
| author_facet | Juan M. Alfaro Velásquez Elsa Maria Vásquez Trespalacios Rodrigo Urrego María C. Arroyave Toro María del Pilar Montilla Velásquez Cecilia Maria Díaz Soto Juan C. Zuluaga Vélez Verónica Jaramillo Henríquez Jorge Emilio Salazar Flórez Fernando P. Monroy Hernando Alirio Palacio Mosquera Sara Vélez Gómez Ronald Guillermo Pelaez Sánchez |
| author_sort | Juan M. Alfaro Velásquez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background:</b> Low birth weight in newborns is of multifactorial origin (fetal, maternal, placental, and environmental factors), and in one-third of cases, the cause is of unknown origin, with high infant morbidity and mortality. The main treatment for regaining weight and height in children with low birth weight is the application of growth hormones. However, their role as a protective factor to prevent an increase in body composition and the development of metabolic diseases is still poorly understood. <b>Methodology</b>: A case–control study was conducted in a cohort of patients consulted at the CES Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Medellín, Colombia, between 2008 and 2018. We evaluated sociodemographic and clinical variables. Additionally, the identification of differential patterns of genomic methylation between cases (treated with growth hormone) and controls (without growth hormone treatment) was performed. The groups were compared using Fisher’s exact test for qualitative variables and Student’s <i>t</i>-test for the difference in means in independent samples. The correlation was evaluated with the Pearson coefficient. <b>Results:</b> Regarding clinical manifestations, body mass index (BMI) was higher in children who did not receive growth hormone treatment, higher doses of growth hormone treatment helped reduce body mass index (R: −0.21, and <i>p</i> = 0.067), and the use of growth hormone was related to a decrease in triglyceride blood concentrations (<i>p</i> = 0.06); these results tended towards significance. Regarding genome-wide methylation patterns, the following genes were found to be hypermethylated: <i>MDGA1, HOXA5, LINC01168, ZFYVE19, ASAH1, MYH15, DNAJC17, PAMR1, MROCKI, CNDP2, CBY2, ZADH2, HOOK2, C9orf129, NXPH2, OSCP1, ZMIZ2, RUNX1, PTPRS, TEX26, EIF2A4K, MYO1F, C2orf69</i>, and <i>ZSCAN1</i>. Meanwhile, the following genes were found hypomethylated: <i>C10orf71-AS1, ZDHHC13, RPL17, EMC4, RPRD2, OBSCN-AS1, ZNF714, MUC4, SUGT1P4, TRIM38, C3, SPON1, NGF-AS1, CCSER2, P2RX2, LOC284379, GGTA1, NLRP5, OR51A4, HLA-H</i>, and <i>TTLL8</i>. <b>Conclusions:</b> Using growth hormone as a treatment in SGA newborns helps regain weight and height. Additionally, it could be a protective factor against the increase in adolescent body composition. |
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| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj-art-df99acbc0a594963a96d4c47cad7bcee2025-06-25T13:31:03ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-05-01136128810.3390/biomedicines13061288Effect of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (rhGH) Use on Genetic Methylation Patterns and Their Relationship with Body Composition in Small-for-Gestational-Age (SGA) NewbornsJuan M. Alfaro Velásquez0Elsa Maria Vásquez Trespalacios1Rodrigo Urrego2María C. Arroyave Toro3María del Pilar Montilla Velásquez4Cecilia Maria Díaz Soto5Juan C. Zuluaga Vélez6Verónica Jaramillo Henríquez7Jorge Emilio Salazar Flórez8Fernando P. Monroy9Hernando Alirio Palacio Mosquera10Sara Vélez Gómez11Ronald Guillermo Pelaez Sánchez12Life and Health Sciences Research Group, Graduate School, CES University, Medellin 050021, ColombiaMedical Surgical Specialties Group, Faculty of Medicine, CES University, Medellin 050021, ColombiaINCA-CES Group, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnic, CES University, Medellin 050021, ColombiaPediaciencias Group, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, ColombiaPediaciencias Group, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, ColombiaObservatos Group, Tecnológico de Antioquia, Medellín 050034, ColombiaSpecial Care Unit, Clínica CES, CES University, Medellín 050021, ColombiaGEINCRO Research Group, School of Health Sciences, San Martín University, Sabaneta 055457, ColombiaGEINCRO Research Group, School of Health Sciences, San Martín University, Sabaneta 055457, ColombiaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff Arizona, AZ 86011, USALife and Health Sciences Research Group, Graduate School, CES University, Medellin 050021, ColombiaLife and Health Sciences Research Group, Graduate School, CES University, Medellin 050021, ColombiaLife and Health Sciences Research Group, Graduate School, CES University, Medellin 050021, Colombia<b>Background:</b> Low birth weight in newborns is of multifactorial origin (fetal, maternal, placental, and environmental factors), and in one-third of cases, the cause is of unknown origin, with high infant morbidity and mortality. The main treatment for regaining weight and height in children with low birth weight is the application of growth hormones. However, their role as a protective factor to prevent an increase in body composition and the development of metabolic diseases is still poorly understood. <b>Methodology</b>: A case–control study was conducted in a cohort of patients consulted at the CES Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Medellín, Colombia, between 2008 and 2018. We evaluated sociodemographic and clinical variables. Additionally, the identification of differential patterns of genomic methylation between cases (treated with growth hormone) and controls (without growth hormone treatment) was performed. The groups were compared using Fisher’s exact test for qualitative variables and Student’s <i>t</i>-test for the difference in means in independent samples. The correlation was evaluated with the Pearson coefficient. <b>Results:</b> Regarding clinical manifestations, body mass index (BMI) was higher in children who did not receive growth hormone treatment, higher doses of growth hormone treatment helped reduce body mass index (R: −0.21, and <i>p</i> = 0.067), and the use of growth hormone was related to a decrease in triglyceride blood concentrations (<i>p</i> = 0.06); these results tended towards significance. Regarding genome-wide methylation patterns, the following genes were found to be hypermethylated: <i>MDGA1, HOXA5, LINC01168, ZFYVE19, ASAH1, MYH15, DNAJC17, PAMR1, MROCKI, CNDP2, CBY2, ZADH2, HOOK2, C9orf129, NXPH2, OSCP1, ZMIZ2, RUNX1, PTPRS, TEX26, EIF2A4K, MYO1F, C2orf69</i>, and <i>ZSCAN1</i>. Meanwhile, the following genes were found hypomethylated: <i>C10orf71-AS1, ZDHHC13, RPL17, EMC4, RPRD2, OBSCN-AS1, ZNF714, MUC4, SUGT1P4, TRIM38, C3, SPON1, NGF-AS1, CCSER2, P2RX2, LOC284379, GGTA1, NLRP5, OR51A4, HLA-H</i>, and <i>TTLL8</i>. <b>Conclusions:</b> Using growth hormone as a treatment in SGA newborns helps regain weight and height. Additionally, it could be a protective factor against the increase in adolescent body composition.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/6/1288SGA newbornsrhGHbody compositiongenesmethylationepigenetics |
| spellingShingle | Juan M. Alfaro Velásquez Elsa Maria Vásquez Trespalacios Rodrigo Urrego María C. Arroyave Toro María del Pilar Montilla Velásquez Cecilia Maria Díaz Soto Juan C. Zuluaga Vélez Verónica Jaramillo Henríquez Jorge Emilio Salazar Flórez Fernando P. Monroy Hernando Alirio Palacio Mosquera Sara Vélez Gómez Ronald Guillermo Pelaez Sánchez Effect of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (rhGH) Use on Genetic Methylation Patterns and Their Relationship with Body Composition in Small-for-Gestational-Age (SGA) Newborns Biomedicines SGA newborns rhGH body composition genes methylation epigenetics |
| title | Effect of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (rhGH) Use on Genetic Methylation Patterns and Their Relationship with Body Composition in Small-for-Gestational-Age (SGA) Newborns |
| title_full | Effect of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (rhGH) Use on Genetic Methylation Patterns and Their Relationship with Body Composition in Small-for-Gestational-Age (SGA) Newborns |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (rhGH) Use on Genetic Methylation Patterns and Their Relationship with Body Composition in Small-for-Gestational-Age (SGA) Newborns |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (rhGH) Use on Genetic Methylation Patterns and Their Relationship with Body Composition in Small-for-Gestational-Age (SGA) Newborns |
| title_short | Effect of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (rhGH) Use on Genetic Methylation Patterns and Their Relationship with Body Composition in Small-for-Gestational-Age (SGA) Newborns |
| title_sort | effect of recombinant human growth hormone rhgh use on genetic methylation patterns and their relationship with body composition in small for gestational age sga newborns |
| topic | SGA newborns rhGH body composition genes methylation epigenetics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/6/1288 |
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