Color Identification on Heterogeneous Bean Landrace Seeds Using Gaussian Mixture Models in CIE L*a*b* Color Space
The classification of bean landraces based on their coloration is of particular interest, as the color of these plants is associated with the nutritional components present in their seeds. In this paper, the authors propose a procedure to identify the colors of heterogeneous color bean landraces bas...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Adriana-Laura López-Lobato Martha-Lorena Avendaño-Garrido Héctor-Gabriel Acosta-Mesa José-Luis Morales-Reyes Elia-Nora Aquino-Bolaños |
| author_facet | Adriana-Laura López-Lobato Martha-Lorena Avendaño-Garrido Héctor-Gabriel Acosta-Mesa José-Luis Morales-Reyes Elia-Nora Aquino-Bolaños |
| author_sort | Adriana-Laura López-Lobato |
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| description | The classification of bean landraces based on their coloration is of particular interest, as the color of these plants is associated with the nutritional components present in their seeds. In this paper, the authors propose a procedure to identify the colors of heterogeneous color bean landraces based on the information from their digital images. The proposed methodology employs a three-dimensional histogram representation of the estimated color, expressed in the CIE L*a*b* color space, with an unsupervised learning method called the Gaussian Mixture Model. This approach facilitates the acquisition of representative information for the colors of a bean landrace, represented as points in the CIE L*a*b* color space. Furthermore, the <i>K</i>-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi><mi>n</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> method can be trained with these punctual representations to identify colors, yielding satisfactory results on landraces with homogeneous and heterogeneous seeds. |
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| issn | 1300-686X 2297-8747 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Mathematical and Computational Applications |
| spelling | doaj-art-de6bea7aa4e44e5ca5d152f13e9bd3992025-06-25T14:09:10ZengMDPI AGMathematical and Computational Applications1300-686X2297-87472025-06-013036410.3390/mca30030064Color Identification on Heterogeneous Bean Landrace Seeds Using Gaussian Mixture Models in CIE L*a*b* Color SpaceAdriana-Laura López-Lobato0Martha-Lorena Avendaño-Garrido1Héctor-Gabriel Acosta-Mesa2José-Luis Morales-Reyes3Elia-Nora Aquino-Bolaños4Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, University of Veracruz, Xalapa 91097, MexicoFaculty of Mathematics, University of Veracruz, Xalapa 91097, MexicoArtificial Intelligence Research Institute, University of Veracruz, Xalapa 91097, MexicoCenter for Food Research and Development, University of Veracruz, Xalapa 91190, MexicoCenter for Food Research and Development, University of Veracruz, Xalapa 91190, MexicoThe classification of bean landraces based on their coloration is of particular interest, as the color of these plants is associated with the nutritional components present in their seeds. In this paper, the authors propose a procedure to identify the colors of heterogeneous color bean landraces based on the information from their digital images. The proposed methodology employs a three-dimensional histogram representation of the estimated color, expressed in the CIE L*a*b* color space, with an unsupervised learning method called the Gaussian Mixture Model. This approach facilitates the acquisition of representative information for the colors of a bean landrace, represented as points in the CIE L*a*b* color space. Furthermore, the <i>K</i>-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi><mi>n</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> method can be trained with these punctual representations to identify colors, yielding satisfactory results on landraces with homogeneous and heterogeneous seeds.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8747/30/3/64bean landrace analysisGaussian Mixture ModelGini indexCIE L*a*b* color spaceoptimization |
| spellingShingle | Adriana-Laura López-Lobato Martha-Lorena Avendaño-Garrido Héctor-Gabriel Acosta-Mesa José-Luis Morales-Reyes Elia-Nora Aquino-Bolaños Color Identification on Heterogeneous Bean Landrace Seeds Using Gaussian Mixture Models in CIE L*a*b* Color Space Mathematical and Computational Applications bean landrace analysis Gaussian Mixture Model Gini index CIE L*a*b* color space optimization |
| title | Color Identification on Heterogeneous Bean Landrace Seeds Using Gaussian Mixture Models in CIE L*a*b* Color Space |
| title_full | Color Identification on Heterogeneous Bean Landrace Seeds Using Gaussian Mixture Models in CIE L*a*b* Color Space |
| title_fullStr | Color Identification on Heterogeneous Bean Landrace Seeds Using Gaussian Mixture Models in CIE L*a*b* Color Space |
| title_full_unstemmed | Color Identification on Heterogeneous Bean Landrace Seeds Using Gaussian Mixture Models in CIE L*a*b* Color Space |
| title_short | Color Identification on Heterogeneous Bean Landrace Seeds Using Gaussian Mixture Models in CIE L*a*b* Color Space |
| title_sort | color identification on heterogeneous bean landrace seeds using gaussian mixture models in cie l a b color space |
| topic | bean landrace analysis Gaussian Mixture Model Gini index CIE L*a*b* color space optimization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8747/30/3/64 |
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