Estimation and Application for Line Impedance Between IBR and POM

With the increasing integration of Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) into power grids, accurate estimation of line impedance between the Point of Connection (POC) and the Point of Measurement (POM) has become critical to ensure stable and efficient reactive power control. However, conventional impedan...

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Main Authors: Woo-Hyun Kim, Ye-Chan Kim, Seung-Ho Song
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Energies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/12/3135
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author Woo-Hyun Kim
Ye-Chan Kim
Seung-Ho Song
author_facet Woo-Hyun Kim
Ye-Chan Kim
Seung-Ho Song
author_sort Woo-Hyun Kim
collection DOAJ
description With the increasing integration of Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) into power grids, accurate estimation of line impedance between the Point of Connection (POC) and the Point of Measurement (POM) has become critical to ensure stable and efficient reactive power control. However, conventional impedance estimation methods often face challenges such as power quality degradation and sensitivity to voltage unbalance. This paper presents a method to improve the reactive power control performance of Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) by estimating the line impedance between the Point of Connection (POC) and the Point of Measurement (POM) and utilize the estimated impedance into control. The impact of voltage drop caused by line impedance on reactive power delivery is analyzed, and a compensation method is designed to mitigate the resulting control errors. The line impedance is estimated through a negative-sequence current injection technique, under the condition that the voltage phases at the two measurement points are synchronized. To address potential voltage unbalance issues that may arise during the injection process, a dedicated compensation algorithm is also proposed. The proposed algorithm is validated through both simulations and lab-scale experiments, demonstrating that the line impedance can be estimated with an error of less than 2%, while effectively compensating for reactive power distortion at the POM.
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series Energies
spelling doaj-art-dd2a7f09beef4bf7a3762b4cfd3f9f792025-06-25T13:45:43ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-06-011812313510.3390/en18123135Estimation and Application for Line Impedance Between IBR and POMWoo-Hyun Kim0Ye-Chan Kim1Seung-Ho Song2Department of Electrical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of KoreaWith the increasing integration of Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) into power grids, accurate estimation of line impedance between the Point of Connection (POC) and the Point of Measurement (POM) has become critical to ensure stable and efficient reactive power control. However, conventional impedance estimation methods often face challenges such as power quality degradation and sensitivity to voltage unbalance. This paper presents a method to improve the reactive power control performance of Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) by estimating the line impedance between the Point of Connection (POC) and the Point of Measurement (POM) and utilize the estimated impedance into control. The impact of voltage drop caused by line impedance on reactive power delivery is analyzed, and a compensation method is designed to mitigate the resulting control errors. The line impedance is estimated through a negative-sequence current injection technique, under the condition that the voltage phases at the two measurement points are synchronized. To address potential voltage unbalance issues that may arise during the injection process, a dedicated compensation algorithm is also proposed. The proposed algorithm is validated through both simulations and lab-scale experiments, demonstrating that the line impedance can be estimated with an error of less than 2%, while effectively compensating for reactive power distortion at the POM.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/12/3135line impedance estimationnegative-sequence current injectionvoltage unbalance compensationreactive power control at POMinverter-based resource (IBR)
spellingShingle Woo-Hyun Kim
Ye-Chan Kim
Seung-Ho Song
Estimation and Application for Line Impedance Between IBR and POM
Energies
line impedance estimation
negative-sequence current injection
voltage unbalance compensation
reactive power control at POM
inverter-based resource (IBR)
title Estimation and Application for Line Impedance Between IBR and POM
title_full Estimation and Application for Line Impedance Between IBR and POM
title_fullStr Estimation and Application for Line Impedance Between IBR and POM
title_full_unstemmed Estimation and Application for Line Impedance Between IBR and POM
title_short Estimation and Application for Line Impedance Between IBR and POM
title_sort estimation and application for line impedance between ibr and pom
topic line impedance estimation
negative-sequence current injection
voltage unbalance compensation
reactive power control at POM
inverter-based resource (IBR)
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/12/3135
work_keys_str_mv AT woohyunkim estimationandapplicationforlineimpedancebetweenibrandpom
AT yechankim estimationandapplicationforlineimpedancebetweenibrandpom
AT seunghosong estimationandapplicationforlineimpedancebetweenibrandpom