Productivity formation of sunflower hybrids with the use of plant growth regulators
Sunflower is the main oil crop in Ukraine, which provides almost 90 % of oil production, the volume of which increases annually, mainly due to the expansion of cultivated areas. Crop yield during 2013‒2017 was 1.9‒2.2 t/ha for varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine included in the State Reg...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Publishing House of the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region of NAAS
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Передгірне та гірське землеробство і тваринництво |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.isgkr.science/index.php/phzt/article/view/232 |
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| Summary: | Sunflower is the main oil crop in Ukraine, which provides almost 90 % of oil production, the volume of which increases annually, mainly due to the expansion of cultivated areas. Crop yield during 2013‒2017 was 1.9‒2.2 t/ha for varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine included in the State Register of Plants suitable for distribution in Ukraine with a productivity of 3.5‒5.0 t/ha. Therefore, it is actually to search for reserves to further increase the yield of crops under the conditions of global climate change, improve the quality of products and reduce the negative impact on soil fertility and the surrounding natural environment. The solution to this problem is possible by improving the elements of sunflower cultivation technology, including the use of plant growth regulators.
The research was carried out during 2013‒2017 in the experimental field of PF "Bohdan and K" of Sniatynskyi district, Ivano-Frankivsk region. The placement of options in the experiment is systematic with four repetitions. The predecessor of the sunflower is winter wheat. Agrotechnical measures of cultivation in experimental variants are generally accepted for the conditions of the western part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
During the years of research, it was established that plant growth regulators Vermymah and Vermyiodis influenced the intensity of growth processes of sunflower plants, in particular, an increase in the leaf surface by 27‒29 % and the net productivity of photosynthesis by 1.2‒1.9 g/m2 per day, or by 16‒25 % compared to the control.
A similar effect of the researched growth regulators on the formation of indicators of the structure of reproductive organs (basket diameter, number and weight of 1000 seeds) was established. Based on the mathematical and statistical analysis of the influencing factors and the proposed models, the structural indicators were directly correlated with the yield and provided 8‒15 % higher yield increases than the control.
The highest seed yield of hybrids NK Brio and NK Rokki was obtained in the variants of two-time foliar application of the plant growth regulator Vermymah at the rate of 6 l/ha, respectively 3.64 and 3.51 t/ha, and Vermyiodis at the rate of 4 l/ha, respectively 3.66 and 3.52 t/ha.
The researched preparations provided a significant improvement in the quality of sunflower hybrids, in particular, the oil content increased by 1.2‒2.4 %, oil yield – by 0.22‒0.58 t/ha and acid number indicator decreased by 0.04‒0.1 %.
In all options with the use of Vermymah and Vermyiodis growth regulators by one-time and two-time application of NK Brio and NK Rokki hybrids to growing sunflower plants compared to the control, conditional net income increased by UAH 2193‒4014/ha, the level of profitability – by 12.7‒22.7 %, and the cost price of sunflower seeds decreased by UAH 303‒518/ton.
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| ISSN: | 0130-8521 2786-5231 |