Assessment of BG-Pro (Biogent AG) and Silver Bullet 2.1 (Lumin8) UV-Light Traps Efficiency for Surveillance of Malaria Vectors in Western Kenya
The Centers for Diseases Control (CDC) light trap is widely used for malaria vector surveillance, but its acquisition logistics pose challenges in Africa. Evaluating new traps can improve surveillance tools. This study compared the efficiency of the BG-Pro UV and Silver Bullet 2.1 UV (SB 2.1 UV) aga...
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/7/739 |
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| author | Billy L. Amugune Richard Tamre Dylan Mogaka Oscar Mbare Tullu Bukhari Ulrike Fillinger Margaret M. Njoroge |
| author_facet | Billy L. Amugune Richard Tamre Dylan Mogaka Oscar Mbare Tullu Bukhari Ulrike Fillinger Margaret M. Njoroge |
| author_sort | Billy L. Amugune |
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| description | The Centers for Diseases Control (CDC) light trap is widely used for malaria vector surveillance, but its acquisition logistics pose challenges in Africa. Evaluating new traps can improve surveillance tools. This study compared the efficiency of the BG-Pro UV and Silver Bullet 2.1 UV (SB 2.1 UV) against the UV LED CDC trap in western Kenya’s rice irrigation area. The traps were tested indoors in eight houses over 64 nights. Light properties and fan speed were analyzed using spectrometry and an anemometer. The BG-Pro UV trap performed better than the UV LED CDC trap for <i>An. gambiae s.l.</i> (RR 2.0, 95% CI 0.9–3.9) and <i>An. funestus s.l.</i> (RR 3.5, 95% CI 1.9–6.4). The SB 2.1 UV trap was more effective in capturing <i>An. gambiae s.l.</i> (RR 4.3, 95% CI 2.5–7.3) and <i>An. funestus s.l.</i> (RR 7.1, 95% CI 3.9–13.1), and also caught three times more <i>Culex</i> spp. (RR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2–6.0). SB 2.1 UV had the highest downstream force, and all traps emitting UV-A light had consistent wavelengths. Overall, the BG-Pro and SB 2.1 traps’ trapping efficiency was three to six times more than the CDC trap, making them promising surveillance tools, particularly in low-density malaria settings. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dbc9baeb352d45098bccf25819e40ff6 |
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| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj-art-dbc9baeb352d45098bccf25819e40ff62025-07-25T13:26:12ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502025-07-0116773910.3390/insects16070739Assessment of BG-Pro (Biogent AG) and Silver Bullet 2.1 (Lumin8) UV-Light Traps Efficiency for Surveillance of Malaria Vectors in Western KenyaBilly L. Amugune0Richard Tamre1Dylan Mogaka2Oscar Mbare3Tullu Bukhari4Ulrike Fillinger5Margaret M. Njoroge6Global Health Thematic Research Programme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi 00100, KenyaGlobal Health Thematic Research Programme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi 00100, KenyaGlobal Health Thematic Research Programme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi 00100, KenyaGlobal Health Thematic Research Programme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi 00100, KenyaGlobal Health Thematic Research Programme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi 00100, KenyaGlobal Health Thematic Research Programme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi 00100, KenyaGlobal Health Thematic Research Programme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi 00100, KenyaThe Centers for Diseases Control (CDC) light trap is widely used for malaria vector surveillance, but its acquisition logistics pose challenges in Africa. Evaluating new traps can improve surveillance tools. This study compared the efficiency of the BG-Pro UV and Silver Bullet 2.1 UV (SB 2.1 UV) against the UV LED CDC trap in western Kenya’s rice irrigation area. The traps were tested indoors in eight houses over 64 nights. Light properties and fan speed were analyzed using spectrometry and an anemometer. The BG-Pro UV trap performed better than the UV LED CDC trap for <i>An. gambiae s.l.</i> (RR 2.0, 95% CI 0.9–3.9) and <i>An. funestus s.l.</i> (RR 3.5, 95% CI 1.9–6.4). The SB 2.1 UV trap was more effective in capturing <i>An. gambiae s.l.</i> (RR 4.3, 95% CI 2.5–7.3) and <i>An. funestus s.l.</i> (RR 7.1, 95% CI 3.9–13.1), and also caught three times more <i>Culex</i> spp. (RR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2–6.0). SB 2.1 UV had the highest downstream force, and all traps emitting UV-A light had consistent wavelengths. Overall, the BG-Pro and SB 2.1 traps’ trapping efficiency was three to six times more than the CDC trap, making them promising surveillance tools, particularly in low-density malaria settings.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/7/739<i>Anopheles</i>mosquitoessub-Saharan Africatrap designpower bank |
| spellingShingle | Billy L. Amugune Richard Tamre Dylan Mogaka Oscar Mbare Tullu Bukhari Ulrike Fillinger Margaret M. Njoroge Assessment of BG-Pro (Biogent AG) and Silver Bullet 2.1 (Lumin8) UV-Light Traps Efficiency for Surveillance of Malaria Vectors in Western Kenya Insects <i>Anopheles</i> mosquitoes sub-Saharan Africa trap design power bank |
| title | Assessment of BG-Pro (Biogent AG) and Silver Bullet 2.1 (Lumin8) UV-Light Traps Efficiency for Surveillance of Malaria Vectors in Western Kenya |
| title_full | Assessment of BG-Pro (Biogent AG) and Silver Bullet 2.1 (Lumin8) UV-Light Traps Efficiency for Surveillance of Malaria Vectors in Western Kenya |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of BG-Pro (Biogent AG) and Silver Bullet 2.1 (Lumin8) UV-Light Traps Efficiency for Surveillance of Malaria Vectors in Western Kenya |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of BG-Pro (Biogent AG) and Silver Bullet 2.1 (Lumin8) UV-Light Traps Efficiency for Surveillance of Malaria Vectors in Western Kenya |
| title_short | Assessment of BG-Pro (Biogent AG) and Silver Bullet 2.1 (Lumin8) UV-Light Traps Efficiency for Surveillance of Malaria Vectors in Western Kenya |
| title_sort | assessment of bg pro biogent ag and silver bullet 2 1 lumin8 uv light traps efficiency for surveillance of malaria vectors in western kenya |
| topic | <i>Anopheles</i> mosquitoes sub-Saharan Africa trap design power bank |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/7/739 |
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