Coverage Hole Recovery in Hybrid Sensor Networks Based on Key Perceptual Intersections for Emergency Communications
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have found extensive applications in a variety of fields, including military surveillance, wildlife monitoring, industrial process monitoring, and more. The gradual energy depletion of sensor nodes with limited battery energy leads to the dysfunction of some of the no...
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/13/4217 |
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| author | He Li Shixian Sun Chuang Dong Qinglei Qi Cong Zhao Zufeng Fu Peng Yu Jiajia Liu |
| author_facet | He Li Shixian Sun Chuang Dong Qinglei Qi Cong Zhao Zufeng Fu Peng Yu Jiajia Liu |
| author_sort | He Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have found extensive applications in a variety of fields, including military surveillance, wildlife monitoring, industrial process monitoring, and more. The gradual energy depletion of sensor nodes with limited battery energy leads to the dysfunction of some of the nodes, thus creating coverage holes in the monitored area. Coverage holes can cause the network to fail to deliver high-quality data and can also affect network performance and the quality of service. Therefore, the detection and recovery of coverage holes are major issues in WSNs. In response to these issues, we propose a method for detecting and recovering coverage holes in wireless sensor networks. This method first divides the network into equally sized units, and then selects a representative node for each unit based on two conditions, called an agent. Then, the percentage of each unit covered by nodes can be accurately calculated and holes can be detected. Finally, the holes are recovered using the average of the key perceptual intersections as the initial value of the global optimal point of the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Simulation experiments show that the algorithm proposed in this paper reduces network energy consumption by 6.68%, decreases the distance traveled by mobile nodes by 8.51%, and increases the percentage of network hole recovery by 2.16%, compared with other algorithms. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-db9bcbd008064d1a93f0ee1f34f6f7f8 |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-db9bcbd008064d1a93f0ee1f34f6f7f82025-07-11T14:43:45ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-07-012513421710.3390/s25134217Coverage Hole Recovery in Hybrid Sensor Networks Based on Key Perceptual Intersections for Emergency CommunicationsHe Li0Shixian Sun1Chuang Dong2Qinglei Qi3Cong Zhao4Zufeng Fu5Peng Yu6Jiajia Liu7Henan Intelligent Emergency Service and Security Engineering Research Center, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, ChinaHenan Intelligent Emergency Service and Security Engineering Research Center, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Intelligent Explosion-Proof Equipment, Henan Province, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Intelligent Explosion-Proof Equipment, Henan Province, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, ChinaHenan Intelligent Emergency Service and Security Engineering Research Center, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, ChinaHenan Intelligent Emergency Service and Security Engineering Research Center, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, ChinaThe State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, ChinaHenan Intelligent Emergency Service and Security Engineering Research Center, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, ChinaWireless sensor networks (WSNs) have found extensive applications in a variety of fields, including military surveillance, wildlife monitoring, industrial process monitoring, and more. The gradual energy depletion of sensor nodes with limited battery energy leads to the dysfunction of some of the nodes, thus creating coverage holes in the monitored area. Coverage holes can cause the network to fail to deliver high-quality data and can also affect network performance and the quality of service. Therefore, the detection and recovery of coverage holes are major issues in WSNs. In response to these issues, we propose a method for detecting and recovering coverage holes in wireless sensor networks. This method first divides the network into equally sized units, and then selects a representative node for each unit based on two conditions, called an agent. Then, the percentage of each unit covered by nodes can be accurately calculated and holes can be detected. Finally, the holes are recovered using the average of the key perceptual intersections as the initial value of the global optimal point of the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Simulation experiments show that the algorithm proposed in this paper reduces network energy consumption by 6.68%, decreases the distance traveled by mobile nodes by 8.51%, and increases the percentage of network hole recovery by 2.16%, compared with other algorithms.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/13/4217wireless sensor networkcoverage holes detectioncoverage holes recoverykey perception intersectionPSO |
| spellingShingle | He Li Shixian Sun Chuang Dong Qinglei Qi Cong Zhao Zufeng Fu Peng Yu Jiajia Liu Coverage Hole Recovery in Hybrid Sensor Networks Based on Key Perceptual Intersections for Emergency Communications Sensors wireless sensor network coverage holes detection coverage holes recovery key perception intersection PSO |
| title | Coverage Hole Recovery in Hybrid Sensor Networks Based on Key Perceptual Intersections for Emergency Communications |
| title_full | Coverage Hole Recovery in Hybrid Sensor Networks Based on Key Perceptual Intersections for Emergency Communications |
| title_fullStr | Coverage Hole Recovery in Hybrid Sensor Networks Based on Key Perceptual Intersections for Emergency Communications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Coverage Hole Recovery in Hybrid Sensor Networks Based on Key Perceptual Intersections for Emergency Communications |
| title_short | Coverage Hole Recovery in Hybrid Sensor Networks Based on Key Perceptual Intersections for Emergency Communications |
| title_sort | coverage hole recovery in hybrid sensor networks based on key perceptual intersections for emergency communications |
| topic | wireless sensor network coverage holes detection coverage holes recovery key perception intersection PSO |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/13/4217 |
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