A consensus mathematical model of vaccine-induced antibody dynamics for multiple vaccine platforms and pathogens
IntroductionVaccine platforms used in successful, licensed vaccines have varied among pathogens. However, antibody level is still the main clinical correlate of protection in most approved vaccines. Decisions as to the best vaccine platform to pursue for a given pathogen may be informed through impr...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1596518/full |
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| author | Kristen M. Wilding Carmen Molina-París Jessica Z. Kubicek-Sutherland Benjamin McMahon Alan S. Perelson Ruy M. Ribeiro |
| author_facet | Kristen M. Wilding Carmen Molina-París Jessica Z. Kubicek-Sutherland Benjamin McMahon Alan S. Perelson Ruy M. Ribeiro |
| author_sort | Kristen M. Wilding |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionVaccine platforms used in successful, licensed vaccines have varied among pathogens. However, antibody level is still the main clinical correlate of protection in most approved vaccines. Decisions as to the best vaccine platform to pursue for a given pathogen may be informed through improved understanding of the process of antibody generation and its temporal dynamics, as well as the relationship between these processes and the type of vaccine.MethodsWe have analyzed the dynamics of antibody generation for different vaccine platforms against diverse pathogens, and developed a consensus mathematical model that captures antibody dynamics across these diverse systems. Initially, the model was fitted to a rich dataset of antibody and immune cell concentrations in a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine experiment. We then used concepts from machine learning, such as transfer learning, to apply the same model to a variety of systems, involving different pathogens, vaccine platforms, and booster dose use/timing, fixing most parameter values relating to the dynamics of the immune system.ResultsThe model includes B cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as the generation of plasma cells, which secrete large amounts of antibody, and memory B cells. Overall, the model describes antibody generation in all systems tested well and shows that the main differences across platforms are related to the dynamics of antigen presentation.DiscussionThis model can be used to predict antibody generation in pairs of vaccine platform/pathogen, allowing for the use of in silico results to narrow down experimental burden in vaccine development. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-db97b91f606e4efb94ebee4e63a22901 |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-db97b91f606e4efb94ebee4e63a229012025-06-26T05:28:08ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-06-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15965181596518A consensus mathematical model of vaccine-induced antibody dynamics for multiple vaccine platforms and pathogensKristen M. Wilding0Carmen Molina-París1Jessica Z. Kubicek-Sutherland2Benjamin McMahon3Alan S. Perelson4Ruy M. Ribeiro5Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United StatesTheoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United StatesPhysical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United StatesTheoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United StatesTheoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United StatesTheoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United StatesIntroductionVaccine platforms used in successful, licensed vaccines have varied among pathogens. However, antibody level is still the main clinical correlate of protection in most approved vaccines. Decisions as to the best vaccine platform to pursue for a given pathogen may be informed through improved understanding of the process of antibody generation and its temporal dynamics, as well as the relationship between these processes and the type of vaccine.MethodsWe have analyzed the dynamics of antibody generation for different vaccine platforms against diverse pathogens, and developed a consensus mathematical model that captures antibody dynamics across these diverse systems. Initially, the model was fitted to a rich dataset of antibody and immune cell concentrations in a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine experiment. We then used concepts from machine learning, such as transfer learning, to apply the same model to a variety of systems, involving different pathogens, vaccine platforms, and booster dose use/timing, fixing most parameter values relating to the dynamics of the immune system.ResultsThe model includes B cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as the generation of plasma cells, which secrete large amounts of antibody, and memory B cells. Overall, the model describes antibody generation in all systems tested well and shows that the main differences across platforms are related to the dynamics of antigen presentation.DiscussionThis model can be used to predict antibody generation in pairs of vaccine platform/pathogen, allowing for the use of in silico results to narrow down experimental burden in vaccine development.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1596518/fullvaccineantibody dynamicsB cellmemoryvaccine platformSARS-CoV-2 |
| spellingShingle | Kristen M. Wilding Carmen Molina-París Jessica Z. Kubicek-Sutherland Benjamin McMahon Alan S. Perelson Ruy M. Ribeiro A consensus mathematical model of vaccine-induced antibody dynamics for multiple vaccine platforms and pathogens Frontiers in Immunology vaccine antibody dynamics B cell memory vaccine platform SARS-CoV-2 |
| title | A consensus mathematical model of vaccine-induced antibody dynamics for multiple vaccine platforms and pathogens |
| title_full | A consensus mathematical model of vaccine-induced antibody dynamics for multiple vaccine platforms and pathogens |
| title_fullStr | A consensus mathematical model of vaccine-induced antibody dynamics for multiple vaccine platforms and pathogens |
| title_full_unstemmed | A consensus mathematical model of vaccine-induced antibody dynamics for multiple vaccine platforms and pathogens |
| title_short | A consensus mathematical model of vaccine-induced antibody dynamics for multiple vaccine platforms and pathogens |
| title_sort | consensus mathematical model of vaccine induced antibody dynamics for multiple vaccine platforms and pathogens |
| topic | vaccine antibody dynamics B cell memory vaccine platform SARS-CoV-2 |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1596518/full |
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