Effects of Feed Additives (<i>Nannochloropsis gaditana</i> and <i>Hermetia illucens</i>) on Growth and Expression of Antioxidant and Cytokine Genes in Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Subjected to Air Exposure Stress
A 7-week feeding trial was conducted with Nile tilapia juveniles with an average body weight of 143.5 ± 3.1 g in a cage system in order to test the effect of different feed additives on growth performance, antioxidant defense system, and immune status of fish. For this reason, experimental diets wer...
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| author | László Ardó Zsuzsanna J. Sándor Márton Orbán János Szakáli Janka Biró Anita Annamária Szűcs Gyula Kovács Michelle Lévai Balázs Gregosits Zsuzsanna Brlás-Molnár Emese Békefi |
| author_facet | László Ardó Zsuzsanna J. Sándor Márton Orbán János Szakáli Janka Biró Anita Annamária Szűcs Gyula Kovács Michelle Lévai Balázs Gregosits Zsuzsanna Brlás-Molnár Emese Békefi |
| author_sort | László Ardó |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A 7-week feeding trial was conducted with Nile tilapia juveniles with an average body weight of 143.5 ± 3.1 g in a cage system in order to test the effect of different feed additives on growth performance, antioxidant defense system, and immune status of fish. For this reason, experimental diets were formulated with inclusion of two different additives containing bioactive compounds, namely <i>Nannochlorophsis gaditana</i> in 3.5% (diet EXP-A) and black soldier fly larvae meal (diet EXP-I) in 3.5%, and compared with a diet supplemented with a mixture of two different commercial compounds (Yang and Syrena Boost) in 0.4% (diet EXP-S). As a negative control, a commercially available feed (Nongteng, Laos) for tilapia was selected. At the end of the feeding trial, production parameters and expression of genes related to the antioxidant defense system and innate immune response were studied. Furthermore, following the feeding, air exposure stress for 5 min was administered to the fish, and similar parameters were assessed. Results indicated that all diets promoted adequate fish growth (SGR 1.67–1.81 g day<sup>−1</sup>) and feed utilization (FCR 1.29–1.57 g g<sup>−1</sup>) with no significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) differences in these parameters between the dietary fish groups. Expression of genes <i>sod</i>, <i>cat</i>, and <i>gpx</i> significantly increased in the liver samples of the EXP-A group at the end of feeding. Following air exposure, the EXP-A group maintained a significantly higher level of antioxidant-related gene expression compared to other treatments. Subsequently, <i>gpx</i> upregulation was observed in the EXP-S group in the post-stress stage compared to pre-stress. Based on our results, we recommend the inclusion of any of the tested additives at the evaluated doses to enhance the non-specific immune response of Nile tilapia. Additionally, <i>Nannochloropsis gaditana</i> at a 3.5% inclusion level can be used to further improve antioxidant defense capacity. |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-db92ac46b09f439b9e36cbc3731df2fc2025-06-25T13:22:06ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-06-011512177610.3390/ani15121776Effects of Feed Additives (<i>Nannochloropsis gaditana</i> and <i>Hermetia illucens</i>) on Growth and Expression of Antioxidant and Cytokine Genes in Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Subjected to Air Exposure StressLászló Ardó0Zsuzsanna J. Sándor1Márton Orbán2János Szakáli3Janka Biró4Anita Annamária Szűcs5Gyula Kovács6Michelle Lévai7Balázs Gregosits8Zsuzsanna Brlás-Molnár9Emese Békefi10Research Centre for Fisheries and Aquaculture, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences (MATE), Anna Liget. u. 35, 5540 Szarvas, HungaryResearch Centre for Fisheries and Aquaculture, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences (MATE), Anna Liget. u. 35, 5540 Szarvas, HungaryVitafort First Hungarian Feed Production and Distribution Zrt., Szabadság u. 3., 2370 Dabas, HungaryVitafort Agro Asia Zrt., Szabadság u. 3., 2370 Dabas, HungaryResearch Centre for Fisheries and Aquaculture, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences (MATE), Anna Liget. u. 35, 5540 Szarvas, HungaryResearch Centre for Fisheries and Aquaculture, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences (MATE), Anna Liget. u. 35, 5540 Szarvas, HungaryResearch Centre for Fisheries and Aquaculture, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences (MATE), Anna Liget. u. 35, 5540 Szarvas, HungaryADC Aquatic Development Company Ltd., AngNamHoum Village, Naxaything District, Vientiane 0114, LaosVitafort First Hungarian Feed Production and Distribution Zrt., Szabadság u. 3., 2370 Dabas, HungaryResearch Centre for Fisheries and Aquaculture, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences (MATE), Anna Liget. u. 35, 5540 Szarvas, HungaryResearch Centre for Fisheries and Aquaculture, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences (MATE), Anna Liget. u. 35, 5540 Szarvas, HungaryA 7-week feeding trial was conducted with Nile tilapia juveniles with an average body weight of 143.5 ± 3.1 g in a cage system in order to test the effect of different feed additives on growth performance, antioxidant defense system, and immune status of fish. For this reason, experimental diets were formulated with inclusion of two different additives containing bioactive compounds, namely <i>Nannochlorophsis gaditana</i> in 3.5% (diet EXP-A) and black soldier fly larvae meal (diet EXP-I) in 3.5%, and compared with a diet supplemented with a mixture of two different commercial compounds (Yang and Syrena Boost) in 0.4% (diet EXP-S). As a negative control, a commercially available feed (Nongteng, Laos) for tilapia was selected. At the end of the feeding trial, production parameters and expression of genes related to the antioxidant defense system and innate immune response were studied. Furthermore, following the feeding, air exposure stress for 5 min was administered to the fish, and similar parameters were assessed. Results indicated that all diets promoted adequate fish growth (SGR 1.67–1.81 g day<sup>−1</sup>) and feed utilization (FCR 1.29–1.57 g g<sup>−1</sup>) with no significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) differences in these parameters between the dietary fish groups. Expression of genes <i>sod</i>, <i>cat</i>, and <i>gpx</i> significantly increased in the liver samples of the EXP-A group at the end of feeding. Following air exposure, the EXP-A group maintained a significantly higher level of antioxidant-related gene expression compared to other treatments. Subsequently, <i>gpx</i> upregulation was observed in the EXP-S group in the post-stress stage compared to pre-stress. Based on our results, we recommend the inclusion of any of the tested additives at the evaluated doses to enhance the non-specific immune response of Nile tilapia. Additionally, <i>Nannochloropsis gaditana</i> at a 3.5% inclusion level can be used to further improve antioxidant defense capacity.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/12/1776stressadditives<i>Hermetia illucens</i><i>Nannochloropsis</i>gene expression |
| spellingShingle | László Ardó Zsuzsanna J. Sándor Márton Orbán János Szakáli Janka Biró Anita Annamária Szűcs Gyula Kovács Michelle Lévai Balázs Gregosits Zsuzsanna Brlás-Molnár Emese Békefi Effects of Feed Additives (<i>Nannochloropsis gaditana</i> and <i>Hermetia illucens</i>) on Growth and Expression of Antioxidant and Cytokine Genes in Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Subjected to Air Exposure Stress Animals stress additives <i>Hermetia illucens</i> <i>Nannochloropsis</i> gene expression |
| title | Effects of Feed Additives (<i>Nannochloropsis gaditana</i> and <i>Hermetia illucens</i>) on Growth and Expression of Antioxidant and Cytokine Genes in Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Subjected to Air Exposure Stress |
| title_full | Effects of Feed Additives (<i>Nannochloropsis gaditana</i> and <i>Hermetia illucens</i>) on Growth and Expression of Antioxidant and Cytokine Genes in Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Subjected to Air Exposure Stress |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Feed Additives (<i>Nannochloropsis gaditana</i> and <i>Hermetia illucens</i>) on Growth and Expression of Antioxidant and Cytokine Genes in Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Subjected to Air Exposure Stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Feed Additives (<i>Nannochloropsis gaditana</i> and <i>Hermetia illucens</i>) on Growth and Expression of Antioxidant and Cytokine Genes in Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Subjected to Air Exposure Stress |
| title_short | Effects of Feed Additives (<i>Nannochloropsis gaditana</i> and <i>Hermetia illucens</i>) on Growth and Expression of Antioxidant and Cytokine Genes in Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Subjected to Air Exposure Stress |
| title_sort | effects of feed additives i nannochloropsis gaditana i and i hermetia illucens i on growth and expression of antioxidant and cytokine genes in nile tilapia i oreochromis niloticus i subjected to air exposure stress |
| topic | stress additives <i>Hermetia illucens</i> <i>Nannochloropsis</i> gene expression |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/12/1776 |
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