Assessing the Validity and Reliability of the PNO<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi></mrow><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> for Measuring Cardiometabolic Outcomes During Walking Exercise
<b>Background:</b> The accuracy of measurement of cardiometabolic outcomes in terms of gaseous exchange and energy expenditure of individuals is crucial. The objective of this study was to compare the validity and reliability of the PNO<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://ww...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/10/2/159 |
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| Summary: | <b>Background:</b> The accuracy of measurement of cardiometabolic outcomes in terms of gaseous exchange and energy expenditure of individuals is crucial. The objective of this study was to compare the validity and reliability of the PNO<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi></mrow><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> in measuring cardiometabolic outcomes from the respiratory gaseous exchange of healthy individuals during treadmill walking exercise. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 21 healthy subjects (15 male and 6 female) aged 22.76 ± 3.85 years took part in this study. Oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2</sub>), carbon dioxide production (VCO<sub>2</sub>), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), metabolic equivalents (METs), tidal volume (VT), and energy expenditure (EE) were measured using the PNO<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi></mrow><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and COSMED K5 portable systems during a twenty-eight-minute, four-stage incremental protocol, where speed increased from 1.7 mph to 4.2 mph with a 2% incline on a treadmill. Test–retest reliability was tested on separate days with trail repetition. Validity was evaluated by Bland–Altman plots, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and mean percentage difference. <b>Results:</b> ICCs showed that VCO<sub>2</sub> was in the good range (0.75–0.90). The ICC of the RER from stages 1 to 3 of the incremental protocol and the VT from stages 2 to 4 of the incremental protocol showed good to excellent reliability. No clear trend was seen for VO<sub>2</sub>, VCO<sub>2</sub>, and EE datapoints with variations in speed. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were moderately high (r = 0.60–0.79) between VO<sub>2</sub>, VCO<sub>2</sub>, RER, METs, VT, and EE measured by the PNO<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi></mrow><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and K5 systems. All subjects, except for a few cases in VT, were within the upper and lower 95% confidence intervals of the acceptable range of the Bland–Altman plots. <b>Conclusions:</b> The PNO<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi></mrow><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> system is a valid and reliable measure of cardiometabolic outcomes and is comparable to the COSMED K5 system. |
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| ISSN: | 2411-5142 |