Indocyanine Green as a Photosensitizer in Periodontitis Treatment: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using indocyanine green (ICG) has gained attention as an adjunctive treatment for periodontitis due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties and its ability to penetrate deep periodontal tissues via near-infrared light activation. We aimed to evaluate the clin...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Rafał Wiench Jakub Fiegler-Rudol Katarzyna Latusek Katarzyna Brus-Sawczuk Hanna Fiegler Jacek Kasperski Dariusz Skaba |
| author_facet | Rafał Wiench Jakub Fiegler-Rudol Katarzyna Latusek Katarzyna Brus-Sawczuk Hanna Fiegler Jacek Kasperski Dariusz Skaba |
| author_sort | Rafał Wiench |
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| description | Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using indocyanine green (ICG) has gained attention as an adjunctive treatment for periodontitis due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties and its ability to penetrate deep periodontal tissues via near-infrared light activation. We aimed to evaluate the clinical and microbiological efficacy of ICG-mediated PDT as an adjunct to conventional periodontal therapy in patients with periodontitis based on data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) exclusively investigating ICG-PDT in periodontitis based on predefined eligibility criteria. Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria, and methodological quality was assessed using a 14-point scoring system. Data were extracted on clinical outcomes (e.g., probing depth, clinical attachment level) and microbiological changes. Sixteen RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Most studies reported improvements in probing depth, clinical attachment level, and microbial reduction following ICG-aPDT; however, some trials found no significant differences compared to control groups. These discrepancies may be attributable to variations in laser settings, ICG concentration, treatment frequency, or initial disease severity. Microbiological benefits included significant reductions in key periodontal pathogens. The therapy was well tolerated, with no adverse effects reported. However, variability in treatment protocols and limited long-term follow-up restricted the ability to draw definitive conclusions. ICG-mediated PDT is a promising, safe, and effective adjunct in periodontal therapy. Future trials should aim for protocol standardization and long-term outcome assessment to strengthen clinical guidance. |
| format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj-art-db59c8bf93a248829c8561a6f974e89d2025-07-25T13:28:03ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292025-06-01157101510.3390/life15071015Indocyanine Green as a Photosensitizer in Periodontitis Treatment: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled TrialsRafał Wiench0Jakub Fiegler-Rudol1Katarzyna Latusek2Katarzyna Brus-Sawczuk3Hanna Fiegler4Jacek Kasperski5Dariusz Skaba6Department of Periodontal Diseases and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, PolandDepartment of Periodontal Diseases and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, PolandDepartment of Periodontal Diseases and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, PolandComprehensive Dentistry Department, Medical University of Warsaw, Binieckiego 6, 02-097 Warszawa, PolandDepartment of Dental Prosthetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, PolandDepartment of Dental Prosthetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, PolandDepartment of Periodontal Diseases and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, PolandPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) using indocyanine green (ICG) has gained attention as an adjunctive treatment for periodontitis due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties and its ability to penetrate deep periodontal tissues via near-infrared light activation. We aimed to evaluate the clinical and microbiological efficacy of ICG-mediated PDT as an adjunct to conventional periodontal therapy in patients with periodontitis based on data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) exclusively investigating ICG-PDT in periodontitis based on predefined eligibility criteria. Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria, and methodological quality was assessed using a 14-point scoring system. Data were extracted on clinical outcomes (e.g., probing depth, clinical attachment level) and microbiological changes. Sixteen RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Most studies reported improvements in probing depth, clinical attachment level, and microbial reduction following ICG-aPDT; however, some trials found no significant differences compared to control groups. These discrepancies may be attributable to variations in laser settings, ICG concentration, treatment frequency, or initial disease severity. Microbiological benefits included significant reductions in key periodontal pathogens. The therapy was well tolerated, with no adverse effects reported. However, variability in treatment protocols and limited long-term follow-up restricted the ability to draw definitive conclusions. ICG-mediated PDT is a promising, safe, and effective adjunct in periodontal therapy. Future trials should aim for protocol standardization and long-term outcome assessment to strengthen clinical guidance.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/7/1015indocyanine greenphotodynamic therapyperiodontitisantimicrobial therapydiode laseradjunctive periodontal treatment |
| spellingShingle | Rafał Wiench Jakub Fiegler-Rudol Katarzyna Latusek Katarzyna Brus-Sawczuk Hanna Fiegler Jacek Kasperski Dariusz Skaba Indocyanine Green as a Photosensitizer in Periodontitis Treatment: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Life indocyanine green photodynamic therapy periodontitis antimicrobial therapy diode laser adjunctive periodontal treatment |
| title | Indocyanine Green as a Photosensitizer in Periodontitis Treatment: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials |
| title_full | Indocyanine Green as a Photosensitizer in Periodontitis Treatment: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials |
| title_fullStr | Indocyanine Green as a Photosensitizer in Periodontitis Treatment: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Indocyanine Green as a Photosensitizer in Periodontitis Treatment: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials |
| title_short | Indocyanine Green as a Photosensitizer in Periodontitis Treatment: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials |
| title_sort | indocyanine green as a photosensitizer in periodontitis treatment a systematic review of randomized controlled trials |
| topic | indocyanine green photodynamic therapy periodontitis antimicrobial therapy diode laser adjunctive periodontal treatment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/7/1015 |
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