Dynamic Frequency Optimization for Underwater Acoustic Energy Transmission: Balancing Absorption and Geometric Diffusion in Marine Environments
The transmission efficiency of underwater acoustic is doubly constrained by absorption attenuation and geometric spreading losses, with the relative interaction between these loss mechanisms exhibiting complex dynamic variations across the frequency spectrum. Achieving dynamic equilibrium between th...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-05-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/6/1089 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1839653643325800448 |
|---|---|
| author | Zhongzheng Liu Tao Zhang Yuhang Li Yazhen Yuan Nahid Mahmud Yanzhang Geng |
| author_facet | Zhongzheng Liu Tao Zhang Yuhang Li Yazhen Yuan Nahid Mahmud Yanzhang Geng |
| author_sort | Zhongzheng Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The transmission efficiency of underwater acoustic is doubly constrained by absorption attenuation and geometric spreading losses, with the relative interaction between these loss mechanisms exhibiting complex dynamic variations across the frequency spectrum. Achieving dynamic equilibrium between these frequency-dependent loss mechanisms is key to enhancing acoustic energy transmission performance. To address this, this paper proposes a multi-variable coupled acoustic energy transmission model that systematically integrates the cumulative effects of the propagation distance, the geometric configuration of acoustic source arrays, and the interactive influences of critical environmental factors such as the salinity, temperature, and depth to comprehensively analyze the synergistic mechanisms of absorption loss and geometric spreading loss in practical underwater environments. Based on dynamic response analysis in the frequency dimension, the model identifies and determines the optimal working frequency ranges (i.e., dynamic equilibrium points) for maximizing the efficiency of energy transmission under various propagation conditions and environmental configurations. Both theoretical derivations and numerical simulations consistently reveal a frequency band within the low-to-mid frequency range (approximately 20–100 kHz) which is associated with significantly enhanced transmission efficiency under specific parameter settings. These research findings provide a scientific basis and engineering guidance for frequency selection and the structural optimization of underwater acoustic energy systems, offering substantial theoretical value and application prospects that can strongly support the development of acoustic technologies in ocean engineering, resource exploration, and national defense security. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-db30093ef8bb4b59bb79d0e42a0d4ff3 |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-db30093ef8bb4b59bb79d0e42a0d4ff32025-06-25T14:01:19ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122025-05-01136108910.3390/jmse13061089Dynamic Frequency Optimization for Underwater Acoustic Energy Transmission: Balancing Absorption and Geometric Diffusion in Marine EnvironmentsZhongzheng Liu0Tao Zhang1Yuhang Li2Yazhen Yuan3Nahid Mahmud4Yanzhang Geng5School of Electrical Automation and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaSchool of Electrical Automation and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaSchool of Electrical Automation and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaSchool of Electrical Automation and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaSchool of Electrical Automation and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaSchool of Electrical Automation and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaThe transmission efficiency of underwater acoustic is doubly constrained by absorption attenuation and geometric spreading losses, with the relative interaction between these loss mechanisms exhibiting complex dynamic variations across the frequency spectrum. Achieving dynamic equilibrium between these frequency-dependent loss mechanisms is key to enhancing acoustic energy transmission performance. To address this, this paper proposes a multi-variable coupled acoustic energy transmission model that systematically integrates the cumulative effects of the propagation distance, the geometric configuration of acoustic source arrays, and the interactive influences of critical environmental factors such as the salinity, temperature, and depth to comprehensively analyze the synergistic mechanisms of absorption loss and geometric spreading loss in practical underwater environments. Based on dynamic response analysis in the frequency dimension, the model identifies and determines the optimal working frequency ranges (i.e., dynamic equilibrium points) for maximizing the efficiency of energy transmission under various propagation conditions and environmental configurations. Both theoretical derivations and numerical simulations consistently reveal a frequency band within the low-to-mid frequency range (approximately 20–100 kHz) which is associated with significantly enhanced transmission efficiency under specific parameter settings. These research findings provide a scientific basis and engineering guidance for frequency selection and the structural optimization of underwater acoustic energy systems, offering substantial theoretical value and application prospects that can strongly support the development of acoustic technologies in ocean engineering, resource exploration, and national defense security.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/6/1089underwater acousticsenergy transmission efficiencyfrequency optimizationabsorption and geometric diffusionloss balance mechanisms |
| spellingShingle | Zhongzheng Liu Tao Zhang Yuhang Li Yazhen Yuan Nahid Mahmud Yanzhang Geng Dynamic Frequency Optimization for Underwater Acoustic Energy Transmission: Balancing Absorption and Geometric Diffusion in Marine Environments Journal of Marine Science and Engineering underwater acoustics energy transmission efficiency frequency optimization absorption and geometric diffusion loss balance mechanisms |
| title | Dynamic Frequency Optimization for Underwater Acoustic Energy Transmission: Balancing Absorption and Geometric Diffusion in Marine Environments |
| title_full | Dynamic Frequency Optimization for Underwater Acoustic Energy Transmission: Balancing Absorption and Geometric Diffusion in Marine Environments |
| title_fullStr | Dynamic Frequency Optimization for Underwater Acoustic Energy Transmission: Balancing Absorption and Geometric Diffusion in Marine Environments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dynamic Frequency Optimization for Underwater Acoustic Energy Transmission: Balancing Absorption and Geometric Diffusion in Marine Environments |
| title_short | Dynamic Frequency Optimization for Underwater Acoustic Energy Transmission: Balancing Absorption and Geometric Diffusion in Marine Environments |
| title_sort | dynamic frequency optimization for underwater acoustic energy transmission balancing absorption and geometric diffusion in marine environments |
| topic | underwater acoustics energy transmission efficiency frequency optimization absorption and geometric diffusion loss balance mechanisms |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/6/1089 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zhongzhengliu dynamicfrequencyoptimizationforunderwateracousticenergytransmissionbalancingabsorptionandgeometricdiffusioninmarineenvironments AT taozhang dynamicfrequencyoptimizationforunderwateracousticenergytransmissionbalancingabsorptionandgeometricdiffusioninmarineenvironments AT yuhangli dynamicfrequencyoptimizationforunderwateracousticenergytransmissionbalancingabsorptionandgeometricdiffusioninmarineenvironments AT yazhenyuan dynamicfrequencyoptimizationforunderwateracousticenergytransmissionbalancingabsorptionandgeometricdiffusioninmarineenvironments AT nahidmahmud dynamicfrequencyoptimizationforunderwateracousticenergytransmissionbalancingabsorptionandgeometricdiffusioninmarineenvironments AT yanzhanggeng dynamicfrequencyoptimizationforunderwateracousticenergytransmissionbalancingabsorptionandgeometricdiffusioninmarineenvironments |