The Enhancement of Immunity Gained from Feline Trivalent Vaccines in Mice Using Feline IL-15, IL-23 and Metabolic Regulatory Molecules
The feline calicivirus, herpesvirus, and panleukopenia viruses are major infections that cause serious diseases in cats; however, current trivalent vaccines have limitations in immune efficacy and their duration of protection. This study assesses the immune-enhancing effects of novel adjuvants (feli...
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2025-07-01
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| author | Ruichen Gao Wei Sun Danning Zhang Linhan Zhang Dafang He Mengxi Li Yi Wei Junjie Peng Gang Wang |
| author_facet | Ruichen Gao Wei Sun Danning Zhang Linhan Zhang Dafang He Mengxi Li Yi Wei Junjie Peng Gang Wang |
| author_sort | Ruichen Gao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The feline calicivirus, herpesvirus, and panleukopenia viruses are major infections that cause serious diseases in cats; however, current trivalent vaccines have limitations in immune efficacy and their duration of protection. This study assesses the immune-enhancing effects of novel adjuvants (feline IL-15, IL-23, and metabolic modulators) on vaccine responses. Forty mice were randomly assigned to four groups: Group A (composite adjuvants), Group B (metabolic regulatory molecules and Mn adjuvant), Group C1 (Mn adjuvant), and Group C2 (a blank commercial vaccine). The results showed that Group A had significantly higher neutralizing antibody titers against calicivirus post-booster immunization, while both Groups A and B exhibited enhanced antibody responses against the herpesvirus and panleukopenia viruses. Notably, Group A displayed increased proportions of memory T cells, follicular B cells, and activated B cells. These findings suggest that the combination of feline IL-15, IL-23, and metabolic modulators are safe and effective immunoadjuvants for trivalent feline vaccines to promote immune cell differentiation and antibody production, thus representing a promising strategy to optimize vaccine efficacy. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-dae6290435d64fbca8d3b0da3f8b7b7d2025-07-25T13:15:08ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372025-07-0114783410.3390/biology14070834The Enhancement of Immunity Gained from Feline Trivalent Vaccines in Mice Using Feline IL-15, IL-23 and Metabolic Regulatory MoleculesRuichen Gao0Wei Sun1Danning Zhang2Linhan Zhang3Dafang He4Mengxi Li5Yi Wei6Junjie Peng7Gang Wang8The Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaChengdu Sanyoukang Biological Technology Company, Chengdu 610213, ChinaChengdu Sanyoukang Biological Technology Company, Chengdu 610213, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center for Biomaterial, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaThe feline calicivirus, herpesvirus, and panleukopenia viruses are major infections that cause serious diseases in cats; however, current trivalent vaccines have limitations in immune efficacy and their duration of protection. This study assesses the immune-enhancing effects of novel adjuvants (feline IL-15, IL-23, and metabolic modulators) on vaccine responses. Forty mice were randomly assigned to four groups: Group A (composite adjuvants), Group B (metabolic regulatory molecules and Mn adjuvant), Group C1 (Mn adjuvant), and Group C2 (a blank commercial vaccine). The results showed that Group A had significantly higher neutralizing antibody titers against calicivirus post-booster immunization, while both Groups A and B exhibited enhanced antibody responses against the herpesvirus and panleukopenia viruses. Notably, Group A displayed increased proportions of memory T cells, follicular B cells, and activated B cells. These findings suggest that the combination of feline IL-15, IL-23, and metabolic modulators are safe and effective immunoadjuvants for trivalent feline vaccines to promote immune cell differentiation and antibody production, thus representing a promising strategy to optimize vaccine efficacy.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/7/834feline trivalent vaccinesimmunityadjuvantIL-23IL-15metabolic modulators |
| spellingShingle | Ruichen Gao Wei Sun Danning Zhang Linhan Zhang Dafang He Mengxi Li Yi Wei Junjie Peng Gang Wang The Enhancement of Immunity Gained from Feline Trivalent Vaccines in Mice Using Feline IL-15, IL-23 and Metabolic Regulatory Molecules Biology feline trivalent vaccines immunity adjuvant IL-23 IL-15 metabolic modulators |
| title | The Enhancement of Immunity Gained from Feline Trivalent Vaccines in Mice Using Feline IL-15, IL-23 and Metabolic Regulatory Molecules |
| title_full | The Enhancement of Immunity Gained from Feline Trivalent Vaccines in Mice Using Feline IL-15, IL-23 and Metabolic Regulatory Molecules |
| title_fullStr | The Enhancement of Immunity Gained from Feline Trivalent Vaccines in Mice Using Feline IL-15, IL-23 and Metabolic Regulatory Molecules |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Enhancement of Immunity Gained from Feline Trivalent Vaccines in Mice Using Feline IL-15, IL-23 and Metabolic Regulatory Molecules |
| title_short | The Enhancement of Immunity Gained from Feline Trivalent Vaccines in Mice Using Feline IL-15, IL-23 and Metabolic Regulatory Molecules |
| title_sort | enhancement of immunity gained from feline trivalent vaccines in mice using feline il 15 il 23 and metabolic regulatory molecules |
| topic | feline trivalent vaccines immunity adjuvant IL-23 IL-15 metabolic modulators |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/7/834 |
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