Effect of a Combination of Phytogenic Compounds on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Parameters and In Vivo Lactation Performance and Methane Emissions in Dairy Cows
An in vitro and an in vivo study were conducted to investigate the effects of a blend of cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, and capsicum oleoresin (CEC) on rumen fermentation parameters, animal performance, and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions in dairy cows. Continuous culture fermenters (CCF) w...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Methane |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2674-0389/4/2/13 |
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| Summary: | An in vitro and an in vivo study were conducted to investigate the effects of a blend of cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, and capsicum oleoresin (CEC) on rumen fermentation parameters, animal performance, and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions in dairy cows. Continuous culture fermenters (CCF) were utilized to test one of two treatments: (1) CON; no supplementation and (2) CEC supplemented at 0.0125 g/d. The basal diet consisted of grass hay and concentrate (50:50). Supplementation with CEC increased (<i>p</i> < 0.01) total volatile fatty acids (VFA; mM) and decreased (<i>p</i> = 0.02) CH<sub>4</sub> concentration compared with CON in vitro. Additionally, protozoa abundance tended (<i>p</i> = 0.07) to decrease in CEC compared with CON. The in vivo experiment utilized forty Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (32% primiparous and 68% multiparous) averaging 163 ± 48 days in milk (DIM) and 38 ± 6.2 kg/d of milk yield (MY). Cows were blocked by parity and randomly assigned to one of two treatments: (1) CON; no supplementation and (2) CEC supplemented at 1.2 g/cow/d. The basal diet consisted of grass hay and concentrate (40:60). Individual CH<sub>4</sub> emissions were recorded using the sniffer technique. Dry matter intake (DMI) and eating rate were increased (<i>p</i> < 0.01; 3.6% and 5.2%, respectively), while feed efficiency decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in CEC compared with CON. Additionally, CEC decreased (<i>p</i> = 0.02) CH<sub>4</sub> yield by 16.4% and tended to reduce daily CH<sub>4</sub> production (<i>p</i> = 0.09) and CH<sub>4</sub> intensity (<i>p</i> = 0.08) by 13.4% and 14.0%, respectively. Supplementing CEC decreased CH<sub>4</sub> concentration in vitro and CH<sub>4</sub> yield in vivo without negatively impacting performance parameters. |
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| ISSN: | 2674-0389 |