The smart village concept from 1.0 to 4.0 in the context of ICT entrepreneurship development in the Polish villages
Objective: The article aims to show the development process of smart villages from 1.0 to 4.0, analogous to the smart cities development, along with indicating the conditions of this process. Moreover, the goal was to examine how ICT enterprises influence the development of smart villages at the 1....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Krakow University of Economics
2025-06-01
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| Series: | International Entrepreneurship Review |
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| Online Access: | https://ier.uek.krakow.pl/index.php/pm/article/view/2292 |
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| author | Hanna Godlewska-Majkowska Agnieszka Komor Patrycjusz Zarębski |
| author_facet | Hanna Godlewska-Majkowska Agnieszka Komor Patrycjusz Zarębski |
| author_sort | Hanna Godlewska-Majkowska |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Objective: The article aims to show the development process of smart villages from 1.0 to 4.0, analogous to the smart cities development, along with indicating the conditions of this process. Moreover, the goal was to examine how ICT enterprises influence the development of smart villages at the 1.0 level in rural areas and what their connections are with other sections of economic activity (based on the example of Poland).
Research Design & Methods: The study used statistical data from Statistics Poland (GUS). We used methods of cartographic presentation of data on the share of technology enterprises (Section J 62) and support enterprises (Section J63) in the total number of enterprises in rural areas in Poland, as well as changes in the share of these companies in Poland in 2012-2023. We analysed the enterprise structure in municipalities characterised by a high share of ICT enterprises according to the type of municipality (functional urban, border, and other). We used the network analysis method to identify ICT enterprises’ links with other economy sectors.
Findings: The ICT enterprises have numerous linkages with other sections, indicating their key role in providing the ICT technologies necessary for the smart villages development. We also found that rural municipalities with the highest share of ICT firms located in close proximity to cities have a high concentration of firms providing business-related services and services to residents. In the border municipalities with the highest share of ICT companies, we identified a high share of the sections responsible for administration and defence, tourism, and agriculture, while a distinctive feature of the other municipalities is the high share of companies involved in transport and storage management.
Implications & Recommendations: Among the actions to support the further development of smart villages, we identified the following: strengthening the links between ICT entrepreneurship and other key economic activities for smartification processes, expanding ICT infrastructure, supporting local initiatives through funding and advice, promoting education and training in new technologies for villagers, and encouraging cross-sectoral cooperation through the creation of platforms for the exchange of knowledge and experience.
Contribution & Value Added: We may consider the smart villages concept in analogy to the smart city concept as an innovation organising spatial structures according to a new pattern. We present the development of smart villages from 1.0 to 4.0 in analogy to the development of the smart city, together with a presentation of the conditions of this process related to the specificity of rural areas.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d927c1e04e2641edb64ce85c477628e0 |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2658-1841 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Krakow University of Economics |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Entrepreneurship Review |
| spelling | doaj-art-d927c1e04e2641edb64ce85c477628e02025-07-02T18:57:05ZengKrakow University of EconomicsInternational Entrepreneurship Review2658-18412025-06-0111210.15678/IER.2025.1102.07The smart village concept from 1.0 to 4.0 in the context of ICT entrepreneurship development in the Polish villagesHanna Godlewska-Majkowska0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3841-1596Agnieszka Komor1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-3141Patrycjusz Zarębski2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2774-9180SGH Warsaw School of EconomicsUniversity of Life Sciences in LublinKoszalin University of Technology Objective: The article aims to show the development process of smart villages from 1.0 to 4.0, analogous to the smart cities development, along with indicating the conditions of this process. Moreover, the goal was to examine how ICT enterprises influence the development of smart villages at the 1.0 level in rural areas and what their connections are with other sections of economic activity (based on the example of Poland). Research Design & Methods: The study used statistical data from Statistics Poland (GUS). We used methods of cartographic presentation of data on the share of technology enterprises (Section J 62) and support enterprises (Section J63) in the total number of enterprises in rural areas in Poland, as well as changes in the share of these companies in Poland in 2012-2023. We analysed the enterprise structure in municipalities characterised by a high share of ICT enterprises according to the type of municipality (functional urban, border, and other). We used the network analysis method to identify ICT enterprises’ links with other economy sectors. Findings: The ICT enterprises have numerous linkages with other sections, indicating their key role in providing the ICT technologies necessary for the smart villages development. We also found that rural municipalities with the highest share of ICT firms located in close proximity to cities have a high concentration of firms providing business-related services and services to residents. In the border municipalities with the highest share of ICT companies, we identified a high share of the sections responsible for administration and defence, tourism, and agriculture, while a distinctive feature of the other municipalities is the high share of companies involved in transport and storage management. Implications & Recommendations: Among the actions to support the further development of smart villages, we identified the following: strengthening the links between ICT entrepreneurship and other key economic activities for smartification processes, expanding ICT infrastructure, supporting local initiatives through funding and advice, promoting education and training in new technologies for villagers, and encouraging cross-sectoral cooperation through the creation of platforms for the exchange of knowledge and experience. Contribution & Value Added: We may consider the smart villages concept in analogy to the smart city concept as an innovation organising spatial structures according to a new pattern. We present the development of smart villages from 1.0 to 4.0 in analogy to the development of the smart city, together with a presentation of the conditions of this process related to the specificity of rural areas. https://ier.uek.krakow.pl/index.php/pm/article/view/2292smart villagesentrepreneurshiprural areasICTsmartification processesnetwork analysis |
| spellingShingle | Hanna Godlewska-Majkowska Agnieszka Komor Patrycjusz Zarębski The smart village concept from 1.0 to 4.0 in the context of ICT entrepreneurship development in the Polish villages International Entrepreneurship Review smart villages entrepreneurship rural areas ICT smartification processes network analysis |
| title | The smart village concept from 1.0 to 4.0 in the context of ICT entrepreneurship development in the Polish villages |
| title_full | The smart village concept from 1.0 to 4.0 in the context of ICT entrepreneurship development in the Polish villages |
| title_fullStr | The smart village concept from 1.0 to 4.0 in the context of ICT entrepreneurship development in the Polish villages |
| title_full_unstemmed | The smart village concept from 1.0 to 4.0 in the context of ICT entrepreneurship development in the Polish villages |
| title_short | The smart village concept from 1.0 to 4.0 in the context of ICT entrepreneurship development in the Polish villages |
| title_sort | smart village concept from 1 0 to 4 0 in the context of ict entrepreneurship development in the polish villages |
| topic | smart villages entrepreneurship rural areas ICT smartification processes network analysis |
| url | https://ier.uek.krakow.pl/index.php/pm/article/view/2292 |
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