Enhancing energy efficiency in pharmaceutical freeze drying: adapting to EU legislation on fluorinated gases

The pharmaceutical industry relies heavily on freeze-drying technology to ensure the stability and longevity of various medical products. Central to this process is the refrigeration system, which has traditionally depended on fluorinated gases (F-gases) due to their suitable thermodynamic and safet...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: T. Keller, M. Wolf, T. Pröll
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:International Journal of Thermofluids
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666202725002514
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