The immunomodulatory role of tumor-initiating cells in digestive system tumors: from mechanisms to therapy

Targeting tumor-initiating cells (TICs) in digestive system tumors is a feasible strategy to boost the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy. Because of their stem cell-like properties, TICs can cause tumor heterogeneity, recurrence, and resistance to conventional medicines, which can seriously impa...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zun-yue Zhang, Xin-feng Zhang, Cong-hui Xu, Kun-hua Wang, Fang Huang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1621464/full
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