Investigation of the Effects of Different Polishing Methods on Tooth Surfaces in Smokers: An In Vitro Study
Introduction. This in vitro study aimed to compare the enamel and root surfaces of teeth between smokers and non-smokers after scaling with hand instruments and to evaluate surface characteristics of smokers’ teeth after applying different polishing methods. Methods. This study analyzed periodont...
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Main Authors: | , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University
2025-07-01
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Series: | Galician Medical Journal |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://ifnmujournal.com/gmj/article/view/2137 |
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