The role of oxidative balance score in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic syndrome progression and mortality: insights from NHANES 1999–2020

AimsCardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (CKM) is a significant public health issue. This research explored the link between oxidative balance score (OBS) and the advancement of CKM, and assessed mortality risks across CKM stages in a U. S. cohort.MethodsData from 10 NHANES cycles (1999–2020) we...

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Main Authors: Diya Xie, Fangqin You, Lihang Yang, Cheng Li, Fengmin Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Nutrition
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1597693/full
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author Diya Xie
Fangqin You
Lihang Yang
Cheng Li
Fengmin Liu
author_facet Diya Xie
Fangqin You
Lihang Yang
Cheng Li
Fengmin Liu
author_sort Diya Xie
collection DOAJ
description AimsCardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (CKM) is a significant public health issue. This research explored the link between oxidative balance score (OBS) and the advancement of CKM, and assessed mortality risks across CKM stages in a U. S. cohort.MethodsData from 10 NHANES cycles (1999–2020) were analyzed, including 19,433 participants for primary analysis and 16,467 for survival analysis. Multinomial regression, Cox models, survival analysis and mediation analysis were employed to evaluate the relationships.ResultsThe OBS was robustly associated with CKM stages, with each increment reducing the odds of CKM stages 1–4 (OR 0.93–0.90, all p < 0.001). The highest OBS quartile (Q4) lowered advanced CKM odds (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.59–0.99, p = 0.045). Higher OBS values were associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.97, 95%CI 0.95–0.99, p < 0.001) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93–0.99, p = 0.012) in individuals with non-advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), and with a lower risk of CVD mortality (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94–0.99, p = 0.014) in those with advanced CKD. Kaplan–Meier curves showed better survival in higher OBS quartiles, especially for non-advanced CKM. Inflammatory markers (Ln-WBC and Ln-SUA) mediated 26.08 and 15.17% of the total effect in advanced CKM.ConclusionImproving oxidative balance may mitigate CKM progression and mortality risks. Additional studies are required to clarify the mechanisms and public health significance of OBS in CKM.
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spelling doaj-art-cf08340a4b624e068d9c77ce89b6d76c2025-07-01T04:10:27ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-07-011210.3389/fnut.2025.15976931597693The role of oxidative balance score in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic syndrome progression and mortality: insights from NHANES 1999–2020Diya Xie0Fangqin You1Lihang Yang2Cheng Li3Fengmin Liu4Department of General Surgery, Fuzhou First General Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, ChinaDepartment of General Surgery, Fuzhou First General Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Fuzhou First General Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, ChinaDepartment of General Surgery, Fuzhou First General Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Fuzhou First General Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, ChinaAimsCardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (CKM) is a significant public health issue. This research explored the link between oxidative balance score (OBS) and the advancement of CKM, and assessed mortality risks across CKM stages in a U. S. cohort.MethodsData from 10 NHANES cycles (1999–2020) were analyzed, including 19,433 participants for primary analysis and 16,467 for survival analysis. Multinomial regression, Cox models, survival analysis and mediation analysis were employed to evaluate the relationships.ResultsThe OBS was robustly associated with CKM stages, with each increment reducing the odds of CKM stages 1–4 (OR 0.93–0.90, all p < 0.001). The highest OBS quartile (Q4) lowered advanced CKM odds (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.59–0.99, p = 0.045). Higher OBS values were associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.97, 95%CI 0.95–0.99, p < 0.001) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93–0.99, p = 0.012) in individuals with non-advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), and with a lower risk of CVD mortality (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94–0.99, p = 0.014) in those with advanced CKD. Kaplan–Meier curves showed better survival in higher OBS quartiles, especially for non-advanced CKM. Inflammatory markers (Ln-WBC and Ln-SUA) mediated 26.08 and 15.17% of the total effect in advanced CKM.ConclusionImproving oxidative balance may mitigate CKM progression and mortality risks. Additional studies are required to clarify the mechanisms and public health significance of OBS in CKM.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1597693/fulloxidative balance scoreCardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic syndromeNHANESmediation analysismortality
spellingShingle Diya Xie
Fangqin You
Lihang Yang
Cheng Li
Fengmin Liu
The role of oxidative balance score in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic syndrome progression and mortality: insights from NHANES 1999–2020
Frontiers in Nutrition
oxidative balance score
Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic syndrome
NHANES
mediation analysis
mortality
title The role of oxidative balance score in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic syndrome progression and mortality: insights from NHANES 1999–2020
title_full The role of oxidative balance score in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic syndrome progression and mortality: insights from NHANES 1999–2020
title_fullStr The role of oxidative balance score in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic syndrome progression and mortality: insights from NHANES 1999–2020
title_full_unstemmed The role of oxidative balance score in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic syndrome progression and mortality: insights from NHANES 1999–2020
title_short The role of oxidative balance score in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic syndrome progression and mortality: insights from NHANES 1999–2020
title_sort role of oxidative balance score in cardiovascular kidney metabolic syndrome progression and mortality insights from nhanes 1999 2020
topic oxidative balance score
Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic syndrome
NHANES
mediation analysis
mortality
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1597693/full
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