Association Between Environmental Smoke Exposure in Early Life and ADHD-like Behaviors in Chinese Preschoolers: Findings from Population Survey in Shenzhen

Association Between Environmental Smoke Exposure in Early Life and ADHD-like Behaviors in Chinese Preschoolers: Findings from Population Survey in Shenzhen

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is a public health concern linked to neurodevelopmental disorders like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Prior studies link ETS to ADHD, but gaps remain regarding gender differences, critical exposure windows, and dose–response relationships....

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yu-Liang Zhang, Wei-Kang Yang, Esben Strodl, Mao-Lin Zhang, Wei-Qing Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Toxics
Subjects:
environmental tobacco smoke
ADHD
preschoolers
early-life exposure
sensitivity period
gender differences
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/7/534
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