Accounting for commodity carbon footprints at the sub-national level: A case study of soybean exports from Brazil to China

Quantifying the carbon footprint of agricultural products is crucial for effective carbon mitigation and responsible sourcing, given that the food production system accounts for approximately one-third of global carbon emissions. While country- and sector-specific carbon accounting offers broad insi...

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Main Authors: Yuning Gao, Tao Zhang, Shantong Li, David Cleary
פורמט: Article
שפה:אנגלית
יצא לאור: Elsevier 2025-12-01
סדרה:World Development Sustainability
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גישה מקוונת:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772655X25000369
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author Yuning Gao
Tao Zhang
Shantong Li
David Cleary
author_facet Yuning Gao
Tao Zhang
Shantong Li
David Cleary
author_sort Yuning Gao
collection DOAJ
description Quantifying the carbon footprint of agricultural products is crucial for effective carbon mitigation and responsible sourcing, given that the food production system accounts for approximately one-third of global carbon emissions. While country- and sector-specific carbon accounting offers broad insights, its sectoral aggregation limits actionable strategies for inclusive and sustainable supply chain governance. This study combines input-output data with high-resolution global soybean supply chain data at the sub-national level to quantify the embodied carbon in soybean exports from Brazilian states to China. The results reveal that the annual fossil fuel-related carbon footprint of exported soybeans surged from 7.2 million tons in 2014 to 18.5 million tons in 2018. Incorporating land-use change emissions amplifies the cumulative five-year footprint by an additional 17.6 million tons. At the sub-national level, Mato Grosso, Rio Grande do Sul, and Paraná are identified as the largest carbon exporters to China. Sourcing soybeans from Brazil’s central and southern regions, where soybean-related deforestation remains comparatively limited, emerges as a potential pathway toward more sustainable supply chain management. Finally, we examine uncertainties arising from comparisons with life cycle assessments, attributing discrepancies primarily to differences in accounting scope and margin allocations.
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spelling doaj-art-c6367de9d0ca4e60873b93d2ca8b8c132025-07-14T04:15:28ZengElsevierWorld Development Sustainability2772-655X2025-12-017100238Accounting for commodity carbon footprints at the sub-national level: A case study of soybean exports from Brazil to ChinaYuning Gao0Tao Zhang1Shantong Li2David Cleary3School of Public Policy and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, ChinaResearch Institute for Global Value Chains, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, 100029, China; Corresponding author.Department of Development Strategy and Regional Economy, Development Research Center, State Council, Beijing, 100010, ChinaThe Nature Conservancy, London, WC2A 1LG, UKQuantifying the carbon footprint of agricultural products is crucial for effective carbon mitigation and responsible sourcing, given that the food production system accounts for approximately one-third of global carbon emissions. While country- and sector-specific carbon accounting offers broad insights, its sectoral aggregation limits actionable strategies for inclusive and sustainable supply chain governance. This study combines input-output data with high-resolution global soybean supply chain data at the sub-national level to quantify the embodied carbon in soybean exports from Brazilian states to China. The results reveal that the annual fossil fuel-related carbon footprint of exported soybeans surged from 7.2 million tons in 2014 to 18.5 million tons in 2018. Incorporating land-use change emissions amplifies the cumulative five-year footprint by an additional 17.6 million tons. At the sub-national level, Mato Grosso, Rio Grande do Sul, and Paraná are identified as the largest carbon exporters to China. Sourcing soybeans from Brazil’s central and southern regions, where soybean-related deforestation remains comparatively limited, emerges as a potential pathway toward more sustainable supply chain management. Finally, we examine uncertainties arising from comparisons with life cycle assessments, attributing discrepancies primarily to differences in accounting scope and margin allocations.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772655X25000369Carbon footprintSoybeansSub-nationalInput-output analysis
spellingShingle Yuning Gao
Tao Zhang
Shantong Li
David Cleary
Accounting for commodity carbon footprints at the sub-national level: A case study of soybean exports from Brazil to China
World Development Sustainability
Carbon footprint
Soybeans
Sub-national
Input-output analysis
title Accounting for commodity carbon footprints at the sub-national level: A case study of soybean exports from Brazil to China
title_full Accounting for commodity carbon footprints at the sub-national level: A case study of soybean exports from Brazil to China
title_fullStr Accounting for commodity carbon footprints at the sub-national level: A case study of soybean exports from Brazil to China
title_full_unstemmed Accounting for commodity carbon footprints at the sub-national level: A case study of soybean exports from Brazil to China
title_short Accounting for commodity carbon footprints at the sub-national level: A case study of soybean exports from Brazil to China
title_sort accounting for commodity carbon footprints at the sub national level a case study of soybean exports from brazil to china
topic Carbon footprint
Soybeans
Sub-national
Input-output analysis
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772655X25000369
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AT shantongli accountingforcommoditycarbonfootprintsatthesubnationallevelacasestudyofsoybeanexportsfrombraziltochina
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