Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Atmospheric PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> of Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia: Levels, Temporal Variation, and Health Impacts
<b>Background:</b> Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) are high in Saudi cities due to industry and traffic, often exceeding safety limits. This study assesses PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> and health risks in Riya...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/6/424 |
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| Summary: | <b>Background:</b> Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) are high in Saudi cities due to industry and traffic, often exceeding safety limits. This study assesses PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> and health risks in Riyadh’s desert environment. <b>Method:</b> High-purity chemicals and PAH standards were used. Air samples were collected at King Saud University, extracted, cleaned, and analyzed by GC-MS. QA/QC ensured accuracy, with RSDs of 4.6–7.9%. <b>Results:</b> Seasonal temperature shifts in Riyadh influence PM and PAH levels. Higher summer temperatures raise PM/PAH, posing health risks, especially via inhalation. Winter favors PAH accumulation on particles. <b>Conclusions:</b> Seasonal temperature shifts significantly affect PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, and PAH levels in Riyadh, with summer posing the highest health risks. Inhalation is the main exposure route, especially for PM<sub>2.5</sub>. |
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| ISSN: | 2305-6304 |