Theoretical Performance of BaSnO<sub>3</sub>-Based Perovskite Solar Cell Designs Under Variable Light Intensities, Temperatures, and Donor and Defect Densities
Barium stannate (BaSnO<sub>3</sub>) has emerged as a promising alternative electron transport material owing to its superior electron mobility, resistance to UV degradation, and energy bandgap tunability, yet BaSnO<sub>3</sub>-based perovskite solar cells have not reached the...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| author | Nouf Alkathran Shubhranshu Bhandari Tapas K. Mallick |
| author_facet | Nouf Alkathran Shubhranshu Bhandari Tapas K. Mallick |
| author_sort | Nouf Alkathran |
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| description | Barium stannate (BaSnO<sub>3</sub>) has emerged as a promising alternative electron transport material owing to its superior electron mobility, resistance to UV degradation, and energy bandgap tunability, yet BaSnO<sub>3</sub>-based perovskite solar cells have not reached the efficiency levels of TiO<sub>2</sub>-based designs. This theoretical study presents a design-driven evaluation of BaSnO<sub>3</sub>-based perovskite solar cell architectures, incorporating MAPbI<sub>3</sub> or FAMAPbI<sub>3</sub> perovskite materials, Spiro-OMeTAD, or Cu<sub>2</sub>O hole transport materials as well as hole-free configurations, under varying light intensity. Using a systematic device modelling approach, we explore the influence of key design variables—such as layer thickness, donor density, and interface defect concentration—of BaSnO<sub>3</sub> and operating temperature on the power conversion efficiency (PCE). Among the proposed designs, the FTO/BaSnO<sub>3</sub>/FAMAPbI<sub>3</sub>/Cu<sub>2</sub>O/Au heterostructure exhibits an exceptionally effective arrangement with PCE of 38.2% under concentrated light (10,000 W/m<sup>2</sup>, or 10 Sun). The structure also demonstrates strong thermal robustness up to 400 K, with a low temperature coefficient of −0.078% K<sup>−1</sup>. These results underscore the importance of material and structural optimisation in PSC design and highlight the role of high-mobility, thermally stable inorganic transport layers—BaSnO<sub>3</sub> as the electron transport material (ETM) and Cu<sub>2</sub>O as the hole transport material (HTM)—in enabling efficient and stable photovoltaic performance under high irradiance. The study contributes valuable insights into the rational design of high-performance PSCs for emerging solar technologies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c4d293c93fc148ce835dacb09e1d410f |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2411-9660 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Designs |
| spelling | doaj-art-c4d293c93fc148ce835dacb09e1d410f2025-06-25T13:42:03ZengMDPI AGDesigns2411-96602025-06-01937610.3390/designs9030076Theoretical Performance of BaSnO<sub>3</sub>-Based Perovskite Solar Cell Designs Under Variable Light Intensities, Temperatures, and Donor and Defect DensitiesNouf Alkathran0Shubhranshu Bhandari1Tapas K. Mallick2Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UKEnvironment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UKEnvironment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UKBarium stannate (BaSnO<sub>3</sub>) has emerged as a promising alternative electron transport material owing to its superior electron mobility, resistance to UV degradation, and energy bandgap tunability, yet BaSnO<sub>3</sub>-based perovskite solar cells have not reached the efficiency levels of TiO<sub>2</sub>-based designs. This theoretical study presents a design-driven evaluation of BaSnO<sub>3</sub>-based perovskite solar cell architectures, incorporating MAPbI<sub>3</sub> or FAMAPbI<sub>3</sub> perovskite materials, Spiro-OMeTAD, or Cu<sub>2</sub>O hole transport materials as well as hole-free configurations, under varying light intensity. Using a systematic device modelling approach, we explore the influence of key design variables—such as layer thickness, donor density, and interface defect concentration—of BaSnO<sub>3</sub> and operating temperature on the power conversion efficiency (PCE). Among the proposed designs, the FTO/BaSnO<sub>3</sub>/FAMAPbI<sub>3</sub>/Cu<sub>2</sub>O/Au heterostructure exhibits an exceptionally effective arrangement with PCE of 38.2% under concentrated light (10,000 W/m<sup>2</sup>, or 10 Sun). The structure also demonstrates strong thermal robustness up to 400 K, with a low temperature coefficient of −0.078% K<sup>−1</sup>. These results underscore the importance of material and structural optimisation in PSC design and highlight the role of high-mobility, thermally stable inorganic transport layers—BaSnO<sub>3</sub> as the electron transport material (ETM) and Cu<sub>2</sub>O as the hole transport material (HTM)—in enabling efficient and stable photovoltaic performance under high irradiance. The study contributes valuable insights into the rational design of high-performance PSCs for emerging solar technologies.https://www.mdpi.com/2411-9660/9/3/76perovskite solar cellBaSnO<sub>3</sub> ETMhigh light intensitydevice design optimisationSCAPS-1D |
| spellingShingle | Nouf Alkathran Shubhranshu Bhandari Tapas K. Mallick Theoretical Performance of BaSnO<sub>3</sub>-Based Perovskite Solar Cell Designs Under Variable Light Intensities, Temperatures, and Donor and Defect Densities Designs perovskite solar cell BaSnO<sub>3</sub> ETM high light intensity device design optimisation SCAPS-1D |
| title | Theoretical Performance of BaSnO<sub>3</sub>-Based Perovskite Solar Cell Designs Under Variable Light Intensities, Temperatures, and Donor and Defect Densities |
| title_full | Theoretical Performance of BaSnO<sub>3</sub>-Based Perovskite Solar Cell Designs Under Variable Light Intensities, Temperatures, and Donor and Defect Densities |
| title_fullStr | Theoretical Performance of BaSnO<sub>3</sub>-Based Perovskite Solar Cell Designs Under Variable Light Intensities, Temperatures, and Donor and Defect Densities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Theoretical Performance of BaSnO<sub>3</sub>-Based Perovskite Solar Cell Designs Under Variable Light Intensities, Temperatures, and Donor and Defect Densities |
| title_short | Theoretical Performance of BaSnO<sub>3</sub>-Based Perovskite Solar Cell Designs Under Variable Light Intensities, Temperatures, and Donor and Defect Densities |
| title_sort | theoretical performance of basno sub 3 sub based perovskite solar cell designs under variable light intensities temperatures and donor and defect densities |
| topic | perovskite solar cell BaSnO<sub>3</sub> ETM high light intensity device design optimisation SCAPS-1D |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2411-9660/9/3/76 |
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