Oxidative Stress and Complement Activation in Aqueous Cells and Vitreous from Patient with Vitreoretinal Diseases: Comparison Between Diabetic ERM and PDR
Background: Epiretinal membrane (ERM) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) belong to the group of vitreoretinal diseases, characterized by impairments at both the retina and the vitreous. The non-diabetic and diabetic forms of ERM (no-dERM and dERM) as well as the PDR are caused by microvasc...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/7/841 |
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| Summary: | Background: Epiretinal membrane (ERM) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) belong to the group of vitreoretinal diseases, characterized by impairments at both the retina and the vitreous. The non-diabetic and diabetic forms of ERM (no-dERM and dERM) as well as the PDR are caused by microvascular disorder, which frequently occurs in association with inflammation and oxidative stress. To better characterize no-dERM, dERM, and PDR at the biomolecular level, we compared the expression of inflammatory, oxidative, lipidic peroxidation products, and complement receptors. Methods: Twenty-seven ocular fluids from patients who underwent phaco-vitrectomy were categorized as no-dERM (9, 4M/5F; 70.4 ± 6.4), dERM (6, 3M/3F; 73.2 ± 4.9), and PDR (6, 5M/1F; 63.7 ± 7.4). Six cataracts (CTR; 3M/3F; 77.7 ± 9.0) were collected for internal control of aqueous cells. Results: In aqueous cells, <i>p65NFkB</i>, <i>iNOS</i>, <i>Nox1/Nox4</i>, and <i>Nrf2</i> were significantly upregulated, and <i>Keap1</i> was downregulated in dERM compared with PDR and no-dERM. In aqueous cells, a significant upregulation for <i>C3aR1mRNA</i>, <i>C5aR1mRNA</i>, and <i>CFHmRNA</i> were observed in dERM. In vitreous, C3a, C5b9, and MDA levels were significantly increased in dERM compared with PDR and no-dERM. Conclusions: Inflammatory and ROS products, as well as <i>C3aR1/C5aR1</i> and soluble MDA, appear of great interest, as their expression in aqueous and vitreous might have potential prognostic and therapeutic values. |
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| ISSN: | 2076-3921 |