Whole-Genome Sequence-Based Diversity of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Strains Isolated from a Central Western Region of Mexico

Tuberculosis remains a significant health issue in Mexico, which has one of the highest incidence rates in the Americas. This study aimed to analyze the circulating sublineages, spoligotypes, drug resistance, and transmission patterns of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> in Mexico’s Cent...

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Main Authors: Andrea Monserrat Negrete-Paz, Gerardo Vázquez-Marrufo, Adrián Rodríguez-Carlos, Bruno Rivas-Santiago, Ma. Soledad Vázquez-Garcidueñas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Pathogens
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/6/548
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author Andrea Monserrat Negrete-Paz
Gerardo Vázquez-Marrufo
Adrián Rodríguez-Carlos
Bruno Rivas-Santiago
Ma. Soledad Vázquez-Garcidueñas
author_facet Andrea Monserrat Negrete-Paz
Gerardo Vázquez-Marrufo
Adrián Rodríguez-Carlos
Bruno Rivas-Santiago
Ma. Soledad Vázquez-Garcidueñas
author_sort Andrea Monserrat Negrete-Paz
collection DOAJ
description Tuberculosis remains a significant health issue in Mexico, which has one of the highest incidence rates in the Americas. This study aimed to analyze the circulating sublineages, spoligotypes, drug resistance, and transmission patterns of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> in Mexico’s Central Western region using whole-genome sequencing. Seventy-seven <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> strains underwent phenotypic drug susceptibility testing via MGIT. Genotypic resistance was assessed with TB-Profiler and Mykrobe, while phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed using Snippy and RaxML. SpoTyping identified circulating SITs and families, with a 5-SNP threshold defining genomic transmission clusters. The predominant sublineages were 4.1.1.3 (X-type, <i>n</i> = 19) and 4.1.2.1 (LAM, <i>n</i> = 11), with rare sublineages (EAI5, EAI2-Manila, and Beijing) also observed. Resistance to at least one first-line drug was found in 63.3% of strains, with streptomycin mono-resistance (24.5%) being notable. Multidrug-resistant TB was identified in 16.3% (<i>n</i> = 8) of strains. Five genomic clusters, involving 18.7% of strains, were identified. This study highlights the sublineage diversity in Mexico, emphasizing its importance in global databases and resistance research. The findings, such as SIT47 in GC1, underscore the value of localized genomic studies for effective TB control.
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spelling doaj-art-bc8d27d47fcc4055ad09a3cb6526a10c2025-06-25T14:17:00ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172025-05-0114654810.3390/pathogens14060548Whole-Genome Sequence-Based Diversity of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Strains Isolated from a Central Western Region of MexicoAndrea Monserrat Negrete-Paz0Gerardo Vázquez-Marrufo1Adrián Rodríguez-Carlos2Bruno Rivas-Santiago3Ma. Soledad Vázquez-Garcidueñas4División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas “Dr. Ignacio Chávez”, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia C.P. 58020, Michoacán, MexicoCentro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Tarímbaro C.P. 58893, Michoacán, MexicoUnidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social-IMSS, Zacatecas C.P. 98000, Zacatecas, MexicoUnidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social-IMSS, Zacatecas C.P. 98000, Zacatecas, MexicoDivisión de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas “Dr. Ignacio Chávez”, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia C.P. 58020, Michoacán, MexicoTuberculosis remains a significant health issue in Mexico, which has one of the highest incidence rates in the Americas. This study aimed to analyze the circulating sublineages, spoligotypes, drug resistance, and transmission patterns of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> in Mexico’s Central Western region using whole-genome sequencing. Seventy-seven <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> strains underwent phenotypic drug susceptibility testing via MGIT. Genotypic resistance was assessed with TB-Profiler and Mykrobe, while phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed using Snippy and RaxML. SpoTyping identified circulating SITs and families, with a 5-SNP threshold defining genomic transmission clusters. The predominant sublineages were 4.1.1.3 (X-type, <i>n</i> = 19) and 4.1.2.1 (LAM, <i>n</i> = 11), with rare sublineages (EAI5, EAI2-Manila, and Beijing) also observed. Resistance to at least one first-line drug was found in 63.3% of strains, with streptomycin mono-resistance (24.5%) being notable. Multidrug-resistant TB was identified in 16.3% (<i>n</i> = 8) of strains. Five genomic clusters, involving 18.7% of strains, were identified. This study highlights the sublineage diversity in Mexico, emphasizing its importance in global databases and resistance research. The findings, such as SIT47 in GC1, underscore the value of localized genomic studies for effective TB control.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/6/548tuberculosistypingdrug resistancewhole-genome sequencing
spellingShingle Andrea Monserrat Negrete-Paz
Gerardo Vázquez-Marrufo
Adrián Rodríguez-Carlos
Bruno Rivas-Santiago
Ma. Soledad Vázquez-Garcidueñas
Whole-Genome Sequence-Based Diversity of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Strains Isolated from a Central Western Region of Mexico
Pathogens
tuberculosis
typing
drug resistance
whole-genome sequencing
title Whole-Genome Sequence-Based Diversity of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Strains Isolated from a Central Western Region of Mexico
title_full Whole-Genome Sequence-Based Diversity of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Strains Isolated from a Central Western Region of Mexico
title_fullStr Whole-Genome Sequence-Based Diversity of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Strains Isolated from a Central Western Region of Mexico
title_full_unstemmed Whole-Genome Sequence-Based Diversity of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Strains Isolated from a Central Western Region of Mexico
title_short Whole-Genome Sequence-Based Diversity of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Strains Isolated from a Central Western Region of Mexico
title_sort whole genome sequence based diversity of i mycobacterium tuberculosis i strains isolated from a central western region of mexico
topic tuberculosis
typing
drug resistance
whole-genome sequencing
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/6/548
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