An Experimental Approach for Investigating Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease Using Virtual Reality and Neural Sensing: A Pilot Study
Freezing of gait (FOG) is a disabling symptom associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Its understanding and effective treatment is compromised due to the difficulty in reliably triggering FOG in clinical and laboratory environments. The Cleveland Clinic-Virtual Home Environment (CC-VHE) platform w...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/13/4036 |
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| author | Mandy Miller Koop Anson B. Rosenfeldt Kathryn Scelina Logan Scelina Colin Waltz Andrew S. Bazyk Visar Berki Kyle Baker Julio N. Reyes Torres Enio Kuvliev Sean Nagel Benjamin L. Walter James Liao David Escobar Kenneth B. Baker Jay L. Alberts |
| author_facet | Mandy Miller Koop Anson B. Rosenfeldt Kathryn Scelina Logan Scelina Colin Waltz Andrew S. Bazyk Visar Berki Kyle Baker Julio N. Reyes Torres Enio Kuvliev Sean Nagel Benjamin L. Walter James Liao David Escobar Kenneth B. Baker Jay L. Alberts |
| author_sort | Mandy Miller Koop |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Freezing of gait (FOG) is a disabling symptom associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Its understanding and effective treatment is compromised due to the difficulty in reliably triggering FOG in clinical and laboratory environments. The Cleveland Clinic-Virtual Home Environment (CC-VHE) platform was developed to address the challenges of eliciting FOG by combining an omnidirectional treadmill with immersive virtual reality (VR) environments to induce FOG under physical, emotional, and cognitive triggers. Recent developments in deep brain stimulation devices that sense neural signals from the subthalamic nucleus in real time offer the potential to understand the underlying neural mechanism(s) of FOG. This manuscript presents the coupling of the CC-VHE technology, VR paradigms, and the experimental and analytical methods for recording and analyzing synchronous cortical, subcortical, and kinematic data as an approach to begin to understand the nuanced neural pathology associated with FOG. To evaluate the utility and feasibility of coupling VR and neural sensing technology, initial data from one participant are included. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bc30af7a271a4e0788b3b03baefe7c8c |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-bc30af7a271a4e0788b3b03baefe7c8c2025-07-11T14:43:13ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-06-012513403610.3390/s25134036An Experimental Approach for Investigating Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease Using Virtual Reality and Neural Sensing: A Pilot StudyMandy Miller Koop0Anson B. Rosenfeldt1Kathryn Scelina2Logan Scelina3Colin Waltz4Andrew S. Bazyk5Visar Berki6Kyle Baker7Julio N. Reyes Torres8Enio Kuvliev9Sean Nagel10Benjamin L. Walter11James Liao12David Escobar13Kenneth B. Baker14Jay L. Alberts15Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USADepartment of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USADepartment of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USADepartment of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USACenter for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USACenter for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USACenter for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USADepartment of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USADepartment of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USAFreezing of gait (FOG) is a disabling symptom associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Its understanding and effective treatment is compromised due to the difficulty in reliably triggering FOG in clinical and laboratory environments. The Cleveland Clinic-Virtual Home Environment (CC-VHE) platform was developed to address the challenges of eliciting FOG by combining an omnidirectional treadmill with immersive virtual reality (VR) environments to induce FOG under physical, emotional, and cognitive triggers. Recent developments in deep brain stimulation devices that sense neural signals from the subthalamic nucleus in real time offer the potential to understand the underlying neural mechanism(s) of FOG. This manuscript presents the coupling of the CC-VHE technology, VR paradigms, and the experimental and analytical methods for recording and analyzing synchronous cortical, subcortical, and kinematic data as an approach to begin to understand the nuanced neural pathology associated with FOG. To evaluate the utility and feasibility of coupling VR and neural sensing technology, initial data from one participant are included.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/13/4036Parkinson’s diseasefreezing of gaitdeep brain stimulationelectroencephalographyvirtual reality |
| spellingShingle | Mandy Miller Koop Anson B. Rosenfeldt Kathryn Scelina Logan Scelina Colin Waltz Andrew S. Bazyk Visar Berki Kyle Baker Julio N. Reyes Torres Enio Kuvliev Sean Nagel Benjamin L. Walter James Liao David Escobar Kenneth B. Baker Jay L. Alberts An Experimental Approach for Investigating Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease Using Virtual Reality and Neural Sensing: A Pilot Study Sensors Parkinson’s disease freezing of gait deep brain stimulation electroencephalography virtual reality |
| title | An Experimental Approach for Investigating Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease Using Virtual Reality and Neural Sensing: A Pilot Study |
| title_full | An Experimental Approach for Investigating Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease Using Virtual Reality and Neural Sensing: A Pilot Study |
| title_fullStr | An Experimental Approach for Investigating Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease Using Virtual Reality and Neural Sensing: A Pilot Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Experimental Approach for Investigating Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease Using Virtual Reality and Neural Sensing: A Pilot Study |
| title_short | An Experimental Approach for Investigating Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease Using Virtual Reality and Neural Sensing: A Pilot Study |
| title_sort | experimental approach for investigating freezing of gait in parkinson s disease using virtual reality and neural sensing a pilot study |
| topic | Parkinson’s disease freezing of gait deep brain stimulation electroencephalography virtual reality |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/13/4036 |
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