Development of an Effective Single-Dose PCV2/CSFV Bivalent Subunit Vaccine Against Classical Swine Fever Virus and Porcine Circovirus Type 2
<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) impairs pigs’ immune systems and increases susceptibility to co-infections, including Classical Swine Fever (CSF), a highly contagious disease listed by the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) as notifiable. Therefore...
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2025-07-01
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| author | Yu-Chieh Chen Wen-Bin Chung Hso-Chi Chaung Yen-Li Huang Chi-Chih Chen Guan-Ming Ke |
| author_facet | Yu-Chieh Chen Wen-Bin Chung Hso-Chi Chaung Yen-Li Huang Chi-Chih Chen Guan-Ming Ke |
| author_sort | Yu-Chieh Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background/Objectives</b>: Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) impairs pigs’ immune systems and increases susceptibility to co-infections, including Classical Swine Fever (CSF), a highly contagious disease listed by the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) as notifiable. Therefore, swine operations in CSF-endemic regions are encouraged to immunize piglets with both PCV2 and CSFV vaccinations. Currently, there is no commercially available bivalent vaccine for PCV2/CSFV. <b>Methods</b>: In this study, a total of twenty 4-week-old SPF pigs were administered our formulated PCV2/CSFV bivalent subunit vaccine, containing soluble CSFV-E2 (50 µg) and PCV2-ORF2 (100 µg) antigens with a porcine-specific CpG adjuvant. After 4 weeks of vaccination, all pigs were evaluated for efficacy against PCV2 and CSFV. <b>Results</b>: Pigs were only immunized once and showed significantly increased neutralizing or ELISA antibody titers against both viruses four weeks post-vaccination. After viral challenges, vaccinated pigs displayed no clinical signs or lesions and had markedly reduced CSFV and PCV2 viral loads in the serum and tissues compared to controls. <b>Conclusions</b>: These results demonstrate that a single dose of the PCV2/CSFV bivalent subunit vaccine is safe and effective in young pigs, induces strong antibody responses, and suppresses viral replication, making it a promising tool for swine disease control and cost-effective vaccination strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b825046e507f49e9a5280d0ec31eda96 |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj-art-b825046e507f49e9a5280d0ec31eda962025-07-25T13:38:24ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2025-07-0113773610.3390/vaccines13070736Development of an Effective Single-Dose PCV2/CSFV Bivalent Subunit Vaccine Against Classical Swine Fever Virus and Porcine Circovirus Type 2Yu-Chieh Chen0Wen-Bin Chung1Hso-Chi Chaung2Yen-Li Huang3Chi-Chih Chen4Guan-Ming Ke5International Degree Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, TaiwanResearch Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, TaiwanResearch Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, TaiwanDepartment of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, Asia University, Taichung 413305, TaiwanResearch Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, TaiwanInternational Degree Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) impairs pigs’ immune systems and increases susceptibility to co-infections, including Classical Swine Fever (CSF), a highly contagious disease listed by the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) as notifiable. Therefore, swine operations in CSF-endemic regions are encouraged to immunize piglets with both PCV2 and CSFV vaccinations. Currently, there is no commercially available bivalent vaccine for PCV2/CSFV. <b>Methods</b>: In this study, a total of twenty 4-week-old SPF pigs were administered our formulated PCV2/CSFV bivalent subunit vaccine, containing soluble CSFV-E2 (50 µg) and PCV2-ORF2 (100 µg) antigens with a porcine-specific CpG adjuvant. After 4 weeks of vaccination, all pigs were evaluated for efficacy against PCV2 and CSFV. <b>Results</b>: Pigs were only immunized once and showed significantly increased neutralizing or ELISA antibody titers against both viruses four weeks post-vaccination. After viral challenges, vaccinated pigs displayed no clinical signs or lesions and had markedly reduced CSFV and PCV2 viral loads in the serum and tissues compared to controls. <b>Conclusions</b>: These results demonstrate that a single dose of the PCV2/CSFV bivalent subunit vaccine is safe and effective in young pigs, induces strong antibody responses, and suppresses viral replication, making it a promising tool for swine disease control and cost-effective vaccination strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/7/736Porcine circovirus type 2Classical swine feversingle dosebivalent subunit vaccine |
| spellingShingle | Yu-Chieh Chen Wen-Bin Chung Hso-Chi Chaung Yen-Li Huang Chi-Chih Chen Guan-Ming Ke Development of an Effective Single-Dose PCV2/CSFV Bivalent Subunit Vaccine Against Classical Swine Fever Virus and Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Vaccines Porcine circovirus type 2 Classical swine fever single dose bivalent subunit vaccine |
| title | Development of an Effective Single-Dose PCV2/CSFV Bivalent Subunit Vaccine Against Classical Swine Fever Virus and Porcine Circovirus Type 2 |
| title_full | Development of an Effective Single-Dose PCV2/CSFV Bivalent Subunit Vaccine Against Classical Swine Fever Virus and Porcine Circovirus Type 2 |
| title_fullStr | Development of an Effective Single-Dose PCV2/CSFV Bivalent Subunit Vaccine Against Classical Swine Fever Virus and Porcine Circovirus Type 2 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of an Effective Single-Dose PCV2/CSFV Bivalent Subunit Vaccine Against Classical Swine Fever Virus and Porcine Circovirus Type 2 |
| title_short | Development of an Effective Single-Dose PCV2/CSFV Bivalent Subunit Vaccine Against Classical Swine Fever Virus and Porcine Circovirus Type 2 |
| title_sort | development of an effective single dose pcv2 csfv bivalent subunit vaccine against classical swine fever virus and porcine circovirus type 2 |
| topic | Porcine circovirus type 2 Classical swine fever single dose bivalent subunit vaccine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/7/736 |
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