Synergistic Larvicidal and Pupicidal Effects of Monoterpene Mixtures Against <i>Aedes aegypti</i> with Low Toxicity to Guppies and Honeybees
The present study evaluated the larvicidal and pupicidal activities of pure and mixed monoterpene formulations—eucalyptol, geranial, <i>trans</i>-anethole, and <i>trans</i>-cinnamaldehyde—against <i>Aedes aegypti</i> and compared them with 1% (<i>w</i>...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Insects |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/7/738 |
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| Summary: | The present study evaluated the larvicidal and pupicidal activities of pure and mixed monoterpene formulations—eucalyptol, geranial, <i>trans</i>-anethole, and <i>trans</i>-cinnamaldehyde—against <i>Aedes aegypti</i> and compared them with 1% (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) temephos. Safety bioassays of all formulations on non-target species confirmed their safety. The combined mixture of eucalyptol + <i>trans</i>-anethole at 400 µg/mL exhibited stronger larvicidal activity, with an LC<sub>50</sub> of 176 µg/mL, while the combination of <i>trans</i>-anethole + geranial at 400 µg/mL exhibited stronger pupicidal activity with an LC<sub>50</sub> of 167 µg/mL. Both formulations were more effective than a 1% temephos. All the mixture formulations were more strongly synergistic compared to pure formulations, with an increased mortality value (IMV) of 25% to 95%. External morphological aberrations observed at death included swelling of the respiratory system. Importantly, all the formulations were safe for two non-target species: guppies (<i>Poecilia reticulata</i>) and honeybees (<i>Apis mellifera</i>). The combination formulations are strong larvicides and pupicides for controlling <i>Ae</i>. <i>Aegypti,</i> which will help reduce the spread of viruses carried by this vector. |
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| ISSN: | 2075-4450 |