Patterns of inflammation and immune activation by coreceptor use in people living with HIV-1

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Patterns of inflammation and immune activation by coreceptor use in people living with HIV-1

IntroductionHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) utilizes either the CCR5 (R5) or CXCR4 (X4) coreceptor for host cell entry. Coreceptor switching from R5 to X4 and elevated immune activation have been associated with disease progression. X4-tropic HIV-1 is predominantly observed in the late s...

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Main Authors:	Francisco Xavier Guerra-Castillo, Sandra Pinto-Cardoso, Santiago Ávila-Ríos, Monserrat Chávez-Torres, Amy Peralta-Prado, Carolina González-Torres, Javier Gaytán-Cervantes, Brenda Requena-Benitez, Dafne Díaz-Rivera, Carmen Alaez-Verson, María Concepción Hernández-García, Vilma Carolina Bekker-Méndez
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:	Frontiers in Immunology
Subjects:	HIV-1 tropism CXCR4 CCR5 chronic immune activation IL-6 CD38
Online Access:	https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1632287/full
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