Optical Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring Using Aqueous Humor: A Review
This review explores optical technologies for non-invasive glucose monitoring (NIGM) using aqueous humor (AH) as media, addressing the limitations of traditional invasive methods in diabetes management. It analyzes key techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, polarimetry, and mid- and near-infrared sp...
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| author | Haolan Xi Yiqing Gong |
| author_facet | Haolan Xi Yiqing Gong |
| author_sort | Haolan Xi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This review explores optical technologies for non-invasive glucose monitoring (NIGM) using aqueous humor (AH) as media, addressing the limitations of traditional invasive methods in diabetes management. It analyzes key techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, polarimetry, and mid- and near-infrared spectral methods, highlighting their respective challenges, alongside emerging hybrid approaches like photoacoustic spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography. Crucially, the practical realization of these optical methods for portable NIGM hinges on advanced instrumentation. Therefore, this review also details progress in compact NIR spectrometers. While conventional systems often lack suitability, significant advancements in on-chip technologies—including miniaturized dispersive spectrometers and various on-chip Fourier transform systems (e.g., spatial heterodyne, stationary wave integral, and temporally modulated FT systems)—utilizing integration platforms like SOI and SiN are promising. Such innovations offer the potential for high spectral resolution, large bandwidth, and miniaturization, which are essential for developing practical AH-based NIGM systems to improve diabetes care. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b184e8482f7f45f4a6857cba4d55f7c7 |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-b184e8482f7f45f4a6857cba4d55f7c72025-07-11T14:43:48ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-07-012513423610.3390/s25134236Optical Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring Using Aqueous Humor: A ReviewHaolan Xi0Yiqing Gong1Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, ChinaThis review explores optical technologies for non-invasive glucose monitoring (NIGM) using aqueous humor (AH) as media, addressing the limitations of traditional invasive methods in diabetes management. It analyzes key techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, polarimetry, and mid- and near-infrared spectral methods, highlighting their respective challenges, alongside emerging hybrid approaches like photoacoustic spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography. Crucially, the practical realization of these optical methods for portable NIGM hinges on advanced instrumentation. Therefore, this review also details progress in compact NIR spectrometers. While conventional systems often lack suitability, significant advancements in on-chip technologies—including miniaturized dispersive spectrometers and various on-chip Fourier transform systems (e.g., spatial heterodyne, stationary wave integral, and temporally modulated FT systems)—utilizing integration platforms like SOI and SiN are promising. Such innovations offer the potential for high spectral resolution, large bandwidth, and miniaturization, which are essential for developing practical AH-based NIGM systems to improve diabetes care.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/13/4236non-invasiveglucose biosensoropticsRaman spectroscopypolarizationinfrared |
| spellingShingle | Haolan Xi Yiqing Gong Optical Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring Using Aqueous Humor: A Review Sensors non-invasive glucose biosensor optics Raman spectroscopy polarization infrared |
| title | Optical Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring Using Aqueous Humor: A Review |
| title_full | Optical Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring Using Aqueous Humor: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Optical Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring Using Aqueous Humor: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optical Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring Using Aqueous Humor: A Review |
| title_short | Optical Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring Using Aqueous Humor: A Review |
| title_sort | optical non invasive glucose monitoring using aqueous humor a review |
| topic | non-invasive glucose biosensor optics Raman spectroscopy polarization infrared |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/13/4236 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT haolanxi opticalnoninvasiveglucosemonitoringusingaqueoushumorareview AT yiqinggong opticalnoninvasiveglucosemonitoringusingaqueoushumorareview |