Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study of Cationic Dye Removal Using Activated Biochar Synthesized from <i>Prosopis juliflora</i> Waste
In this study, we synthesized an activated biochar using <i>Prosopis juliflora</i> waste as a carbon source. Citric acid (CA) was used as the chemical agent for biochar activation. The removal of methylene blue (MB) using the fabricated biochar was investigated. A response surface method...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Andrés Abuabara Carlos Diaz-Uribe William Vallejo Freider Duran Edgar Mosquera-Vargas |
| author_facet | Andrés Abuabara Carlos Diaz-Uribe William Vallejo Freider Duran Edgar Mosquera-Vargas |
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| description | In this study, we synthesized an activated biochar using <i>Prosopis juliflora</i> waste as a carbon source. Citric acid (CA) was used as the chemical agent for biochar activation. The removal of methylene blue (MB) using the fabricated biochar was investigated. A response surface methodology (RSM) experimental design was employed to evaluate the effects of synthesis parameters, including the temperature and the CA/biochar mass ratio, on the biochar’s MB removal efficiency. The impact of adsorption parameters, such as the biochar dosage, pH, MB concentration, and ionic strength, was also examined. Kinetic and isothermal adsorption studies were conducted to assess the efficacy of the activated biochar. The kinetic study revealed a maximum adsorption capacity (<i>q<sub>e</sub></i>) of 37.6 mg/g and a rate constant of 0.0022 g mg<sup>−1</sup> min<sup>−1</sup>, with the pseudo-second-order model providing the best fit. The isotherm study indicated that the Freundlich model best described the data, with <i>K</i><sub>F</sub> = 37.8 mg/g and 1/<i>n<sub>f</sub></i> = 0.498. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the MB adsorption onto the biochar was spontaneous (ΔG = −9.14 kJ/mol), endothermic (ΔH = 17.87 kJ/mol), and driven by an entropy increase (ΔS = 89.20 J/mol·K). |
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| spelling | doaj-art-b1214f7ccd74410f91befb4e3cc044f92025-06-25T13:37:05ZengMDPI AGChemEngineering2305-70842025-06-01936410.3390/chemengineering9030064Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study of Cationic Dye Removal Using Activated Biochar Synthesized from <i>Prosopis juliflora</i> WasteAndrés Abuabara0Carlos Diaz-Uribe1William Vallejo2Freider Duran3Edgar Mosquera-Vargas4Grupo de Investigación en Fotoquímica y Fotobiología, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia 081007, ColombiaGrupo de Investigación en Fotoquímica y Fotobiología, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia 081007, ColombiaGrupo de Investigación en Fotoquímica y Fotobiología, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia 081007, ColombiaGrupo de Investigación en Fotoquímica y Fotobiología, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia 081007, ColombiaGrupo de Transiciones de Fase y Materiales Funcionales, Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali 760042, ColombiaIn this study, we synthesized an activated biochar using <i>Prosopis juliflora</i> waste as a carbon source. Citric acid (CA) was used as the chemical agent for biochar activation. The removal of methylene blue (MB) using the fabricated biochar was investigated. A response surface methodology (RSM) experimental design was employed to evaluate the effects of synthesis parameters, including the temperature and the CA/biochar mass ratio, on the biochar’s MB removal efficiency. The impact of adsorption parameters, such as the biochar dosage, pH, MB concentration, and ionic strength, was also examined. Kinetic and isothermal adsorption studies were conducted to assess the efficacy of the activated biochar. The kinetic study revealed a maximum adsorption capacity (<i>q<sub>e</sub></i>) of 37.6 mg/g and a rate constant of 0.0022 g mg<sup>−1</sup> min<sup>−1</sup>, with the pseudo-second-order model providing the best fit. The isotherm study indicated that the Freundlich model best described the data, with <i>K</i><sub>F</sub> = 37.8 mg/g and 1/<i>n<sub>f</sub></i> = 0.498. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the MB adsorption onto the biochar was spontaneous (ΔG = −9.14 kJ/mol), endothermic (ΔH = 17.87 kJ/mol), and driven by an entropy increase (ΔS = 89.20 J/mol·K).https://www.mdpi.com/2305-7084/9/3/64biocharchemical activationisotherm adsorptiondye |
| spellingShingle | Andrés Abuabara Carlos Diaz-Uribe William Vallejo Freider Duran Edgar Mosquera-Vargas Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study of Cationic Dye Removal Using Activated Biochar Synthesized from <i>Prosopis juliflora</i> Waste ChemEngineering biochar chemical activation isotherm adsorption dye |
| title | Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study of Cationic Dye Removal Using Activated Biochar Synthesized from <i>Prosopis juliflora</i> Waste |
| title_full | Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study of Cationic Dye Removal Using Activated Biochar Synthesized from <i>Prosopis juliflora</i> Waste |
| title_fullStr | Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study of Cationic Dye Removal Using Activated Biochar Synthesized from <i>Prosopis juliflora</i> Waste |
| title_full_unstemmed | Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study of Cationic Dye Removal Using Activated Biochar Synthesized from <i>Prosopis juliflora</i> Waste |
| title_short | Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study of Cationic Dye Removal Using Activated Biochar Synthesized from <i>Prosopis juliflora</i> Waste |
| title_sort | kinetic and thermodynamic study of cationic dye removal using activated biochar synthesized from i prosopis juliflora i waste |
| topic | biochar chemical activation isotherm adsorption dye |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-7084/9/3/64 |
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