Structural Build-Up of Cement Pastes: A Comprehensive Overview and Key Research Directions
The advancement of modern concretes, such as printable concrete, fluid concrete with adapted rheology, and ultra-high-performance concrete, has increased the importance of understanding structural build-up in cement-based materials. This process, which describes the time-dependent evolution of rheol...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Construction Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7108/5/2/31 |
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| author | Mahmoud Hayek Youssef El Bitouri Kamal Bouarab Ammar Yahia |
| author_facet | Mahmoud Hayek Youssef El Bitouri Kamal Bouarab Ammar Yahia |
| author_sort | Mahmoud Hayek |
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| description | The advancement of modern concretes, such as printable concrete, fluid concrete with adapted rheology, and ultra-high-performance concrete, has increased the importance of understanding structural build-up in cement-based materials. This process, which describes the time-dependent evolution of rheological properties, is a key factor to ensure the stability of concrete by influencing segregation, bleeding, formwork pressure, numerical modeling, and multi-layer casting. As a result, the structural build-up of cementitious materials has become a significant area of research in recent years. The structural build-up of cement based-materials results from both a reversible part (thixotropic behavior), driven by colloidal interactions, and an irreversible part, caused by cement hydration and the formation of C-S-H bridges. Various experimental techniques have been developed to investigate these processes, with various factors affecting the thixotropic behavior and overall structural build-up of cement suspensions. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current understanding of structural build-up in cement pastes. It covers measurement methods and key influencing factors, including the water-to-binder ratio (w/b), admixtures, temperature, and supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). By consolidating the existing knowledge and identifying research gaps, this review aims to contribute to the development of sustainable, high-performance cement-based materials suitable for modern construction techniques. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-af644d5e0ce44f4e96ab1b724dc30a1d |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2673-7108 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Construction Materials |
| spelling | doaj-art-af644d5e0ce44f4e96ab1b724dc30a1d2025-06-25T13:40:13ZengMDPI AGConstruction Materials2673-71082025-05-01523110.3390/constrmater5020031Structural Build-Up of Cement Pastes: A Comprehensive Overview and Key Research DirectionsMahmoud Hayek0Youssef El Bitouri1Kamal Bouarab2Ammar Yahia3Department of Civil Engineering and Building Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, CanadaLaboratoire Mécanique et Génie Civil (LMGC), IMT Mines Ales, University Montpellier, CNRS, F-30100 Ales, FranceDepartment of biology, Centre SÈVE, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, CanadaDepartment of Civil Engineering and Building Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, CanadaThe advancement of modern concretes, such as printable concrete, fluid concrete with adapted rheology, and ultra-high-performance concrete, has increased the importance of understanding structural build-up in cement-based materials. This process, which describes the time-dependent evolution of rheological properties, is a key factor to ensure the stability of concrete by influencing segregation, bleeding, formwork pressure, numerical modeling, and multi-layer casting. As a result, the structural build-up of cementitious materials has become a significant area of research in recent years. The structural build-up of cement based-materials results from both a reversible part (thixotropic behavior), driven by colloidal interactions, and an irreversible part, caused by cement hydration and the formation of C-S-H bridges. Various experimental techniques have been developed to investigate these processes, with various factors affecting the thixotropic behavior and overall structural build-up of cement suspensions. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current understanding of structural build-up in cement pastes. It covers measurement methods and key influencing factors, including the water-to-binder ratio (w/b), admixtures, temperature, and supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). By consolidating the existing knowledge and identifying research gaps, this review aims to contribute to the development of sustainable, high-performance cement-based materials suitable for modern construction techniques.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7108/5/2/31structural build-upthixotropic behaviorcement pastemeasurement methodsinfluencing factors |
| spellingShingle | Mahmoud Hayek Youssef El Bitouri Kamal Bouarab Ammar Yahia Structural Build-Up of Cement Pastes: A Comprehensive Overview and Key Research Directions Construction Materials structural build-up thixotropic behavior cement paste measurement methods influencing factors |
| title | Structural Build-Up of Cement Pastes: A Comprehensive Overview and Key Research Directions |
| title_full | Structural Build-Up of Cement Pastes: A Comprehensive Overview and Key Research Directions |
| title_fullStr | Structural Build-Up of Cement Pastes: A Comprehensive Overview and Key Research Directions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structural Build-Up of Cement Pastes: A Comprehensive Overview and Key Research Directions |
| title_short | Structural Build-Up of Cement Pastes: A Comprehensive Overview and Key Research Directions |
| title_sort | structural build up of cement pastes a comprehensive overview and key research directions |
| topic | structural build-up thixotropic behavior cement paste measurement methods influencing factors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7108/5/2/31 |
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