Rare earth orthovanadates RVO4 (LaVO4, CeVO4) bifunctional catalyst for the synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters from Sapindus trifoliatus non-edible oil
Investigation and enhancement of FAME synthesis from non-edible oil is one of the contemporary means to solve the inadequate amount of conventional raw materials and their high prices. This study aims to synthesize and assess the efficiency of different heterogeneous bifunctional catalysts; CeVO4 an...
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Elsevier
2025-09-01
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| Series: | Applications in Energy and Combustion Science |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X25000305 |
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| author | Sadaf Khoso Iftikhar Ahmad Rajwali Khan Syed Danish Ali Mushtaq Ahmad Amir Waseem |
| author_facet | Sadaf Khoso Iftikhar Ahmad Rajwali Khan Syed Danish Ali Mushtaq Ahmad Amir Waseem |
| author_sort | Sadaf Khoso |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Investigation and enhancement of FAME synthesis from non-edible oil is one of the contemporary means to solve the inadequate amount of conventional raw materials and their high prices. This study aims to synthesize and assess the efficiency of different heterogeneous bifunctional catalysts; CeVO4 and LaVO4, to produce FAME from Sapindus trifoliatus seed oil (SPO), as a non-edible feedstock. The outcomes showed that the CeVO4 and LaVO4 catalysts revealed exceptional catalytic performance for simultaneous esterification and transesterification of SPO with a higher percentage yield. The optimum conditions were determined by varying experimental parameters such as catalyst loading, temperature, reaction duration, and the methanol-to-oil molar ratio. The CeVO4 catalyst produced the highest 98 % SPO conversion to FAME when 8 % weight of the catalyst was used with the reaction time of 100 min, temperature of 60 °C, and the methanol-to-oil ratio of 25:1. The LaVO4 catalyst produced a 94 % yield when the reaction temperature was 60 °C, the catalyst amount was 8 %, the methanol-to-oil ratio was 25:1 mol, and the reaction time was 110 min. The SPO FAME properties conform to the ASTM6751 standard specification. Besides, the stability and reusability of these heterogenous catalysts were assessed, and it was discovered that the catalysts exhibited good stability, giving the highest biodiesel conversion even after three cycles. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2666-352X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Applications in Energy and Combustion Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-aa2c7600e8044e539f03a5e50a80f82c2025-07-01T04:09:33ZengElsevierApplications in Energy and Combustion Science2666-352X2025-09-0123100348Rare earth orthovanadates RVO4 (LaVO4, CeVO4) bifunctional catalyst for the synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters from Sapindus trifoliatus non-edible oilSadaf Khoso0Iftikhar Ahmad1Rajwali Khan2Syed Danish Ali3Mushtaq Ahmad4Amir Waseem5Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Centre for Advance Materials Research, University of Sharjah, 27272, United Arab EmiratesNational Water and Energy Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Corresponding authors.Nanoscience and Technology Department, National Centre for Physics, Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i- Azam University, Islamabad 45320, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Corresponding authors.Investigation and enhancement of FAME synthesis from non-edible oil is one of the contemporary means to solve the inadequate amount of conventional raw materials and their high prices. This study aims to synthesize and assess the efficiency of different heterogeneous bifunctional catalysts; CeVO4 and LaVO4, to produce FAME from Sapindus trifoliatus seed oil (SPO), as a non-edible feedstock. The outcomes showed that the CeVO4 and LaVO4 catalysts revealed exceptional catalytic performance for simultaneous esterification and transesterification of SPO with a higher percentage yield. The optimum conditions were determined by varying experimental parameters such as catalyst loading, temperature, reaction duration, and the methanol-to-oil molar ratio. The CeVO4 catalyst produced the highest 98 % SPO conversion to FAME when 8 % weight of the catalyst was used with the reaction time of 100 min, temperature of 60 °C, and the methanol-to-oil ratio of 25:1. The LaVO4 catalyst produced a 94 % yield when the reaction temperature was 60 °C, the catalyst amount was 8 %, the methanol-to-oil ratio was 25:1 mol, and the reaction time was 110 min. The SPO FAME properties conform to the ASTM6751 standard specification. Besides, the stability and reusability of these heterogenous catalysts were assessed, and it was discovered that the catalysts exhibited good stability, giving the highest biodiesel conversion even after three cycles.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X25000305Bifunctional catalystCeVO4LaVO4Sapindus trifoliatus oilFAME |
| spellingShingle | Sadaf Khoso Iftikhar Ahmad Rajwali Khan Syed Danish Ali Mushtaq Ahmad Amir Waseem Rare earth orthovanadates RVO4 (LaVO4, CeVO4) bifunctional catalyst for the synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters from Sapindus trifoliatus non-edible oil Applications in Energy and Combustion Science Bifunctional catalyst CeVO4 LaVO4 Sapindus trifoliatus oil FAME |
| title | Rare earth orthovanadates RVO4 (LaVO4, CeVO4) bifunctional catalyst for the synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters from Sapindus trifoliatus non-edible oil |
| title_full | Rare earth orthovanadates RVO4 (LaVO4, CeVO4) bifunctional catalyst for the synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters from Sapindus trifoliatus non-edible oil |
| title_fullStr | Rare earth orthovanadates RVO4 (LaVO4, CeVO4) bifunctional catalyst for the synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters from Sapindus trifoliatus non-edible oil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rare earth orthovanadates RVO4 (LaVO4, CeVO4) bifunctional catalyst for the synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters from Sapindus trifoliatus non-edible oil |
| title_short | Rare earth orthovanadates RVO4 (LaVO4, CeVO4) bifunctional catalyst for the synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters from Sapindus trifoliatus non-edible oil |
| title_sort | rare earth orthovanadates rvo4 lavo4 cevo4 bifunctional catalyst for the synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters from sapindus trifoliatus non edible oil |
| topic | Bifunctional catalyst CeVO4 LaVO4 Sapindus trifoliatus oil FAME |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X25000305 |
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