Mammographic Screening as a Tool for Cardiovascular Risk Assessing. Part 1. Breast Arterial Calcification: Pathomorphology, Prevalence and Risk Factors
Breast arterial calcification (BAC) is a type of calcification of the media of the middle and small arteries (Menkeberg's calcification). This distinguishes it from calcification associated with the atherosclerotic process and localized in the intima of the vessel. There are data on the associa...
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Столичная издательская компания
2019-05-01
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| Series: | Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии |
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| Online Access: | https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/1921 |
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| author | E. V. Bochkareva I. V. Kim E. K. Butina I. D. Stulin S. A. Trukhanov B. A. Rudenko S. A. Boytsov O. M. Drapkina |
| author_facet | E. V. Bochkareva I. V. Kim E. K. Butina I. D. Stulin S. A. Trukhanov B. A. Rudenko S. A. Boytsov O. M. Drapkina |
| author_sort | E. V. Bochkareva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Breast arterial calcification (BAC) is a type of calcification of the media of the middle and small arteries (Menkeberg's calcification). This distinguishes it from calcification associated with the atherosclerotic process and localized in the intima of the vessel. There are data on the association of BAC with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This allows it to be considered as a new marker of cardiovascular risk in women. The purpose of the first part of the review is to analyze the current literature on the prevalence of BAC, factors related to its occurrence and the association of BAC with traditional CVD risk factors. The prevalence of BAC (data from cancer screening programs) is about 12.7%, and it increases with age to 50% in 80-year-old women. It is not an attribute of "healthy aging", but depends on race and ethnicity. There is a connection with reproductive function. The frequency of BAC increases with the number of children born, with breastfeeding, in menopause, and decreases during hormone replacement therapy. Smoking women have a BAC frequency 2 times less than non-smokers. Detection of BAC on mammograms is associated with conditions pathogenetically associated with CVD: an increase in the frequency of hyperlipidemia, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, a decrease in bone mass. There is a strong correlation of BAC with coronary calcium (indicator of coronary atherosclerosis). A statistically significant association of BAC with overweight, obesity, and smoking was not found, but there is a weak association with arterial hypertension. This may indicate an independent pathophysiological role of BAC in the development of vascular disorders and allows us to consider BAC as an independent marker for improving cardiovascular risk stratification in women. BAC is believed to be a marker of a more generalized trend towards the development of medial calcification in other vascular areas. This leads to a systemic increase in arterial stiffness and contributes to the development of CVD. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a6c9efefb04e441fb26b0c3c6ae1e38c |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 1819-6446 2225-3653 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2019-05-01 |
| publisher | Столичная издательская компания |
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| series | Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии |
| spelling | doaj-art-a6c9efefb04e441fb26b0c3c6ae1e38c2025-07-03T07:28:35ZengСтоличная издательская компанияРациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии1819-64462225-36532019-05-0115224425010.20996/1819-6446-2019-15-2-244-2501601Mammographic Screening as a Tool for Cardiovascular Risk Assessing. Part 1. Breast Arterial Calcification: Pathomorphology, Prevalence and Risk FactorsE. V. Bochkareva0I. V. Kim1E. K. Butina2I. D. Stulin3S. A. Trukhanov4B. A. Rudenko5S. A. Boytsov6O. M. Drapkina7National Medical Research Center for Preventive MedicineNational Medical Research Center for Preventive MedicineNational Medical Research Center for Preventive MedicineA.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and DentistryA.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and DentistryNational Medical Research Center for Preventive MedicineNational Medical Research Centre of CardiologyNational Medical Research Center for Preventive MedicineBreast arterial calcification (BAC) is a type of calcification of the media of the middle and small arteries (Menkeberg's calcification). This distinguishes it from calcification associated with the atherosclerotic process and localized in the intima of the vessel. There are data on the association of BAC with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This allows it to be considered as a new marker of cardiovascular risk in women. The purpose of the first part of the review is to analyze the current literature on the prevalence of BAC, factors related to its occurrence and the association of BAC with traditional CVD risk factors. The prevalence of BAC (data from cancer screening programs) is about 12.7%, and it increases with age to 50% in 80-year-old women. It is not an attribute of "healthy aging", but depends on race and ethnicity. There is a connection with reproductive function. The frequency of BAC increases with the number of children born, with breastfeeding, in menopause, and decreases during hormone replacement therapy. Smoking women have a BAC frequency 2 times less than non-smokers. Detection of BAC on mammograms is associated with conditions pathogenetically associated with CVD: an increase in the frequency of hyperlipidemia, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, a decrease in bone mass. There is a strong correlation of BAC with coronary calcium (indicator of coronary atherosclerosis). A statistically significant association of BAC with overweight, obesity, and smoking was not found, but there is a weak association with arterial hypertension. This may indicate an independent pathophysiological role of BAC in the development of vascular disorders and allows us to consider BAC as an independent marker for improving cardiovascular risk stratification in women. BAC is believed to be a marker of a more generalized trend towards the development of medial calcification in other vascular areas. This leads to a systemic increase in arterial stiffness and contributes to the development of CVD.https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/1921calcificationbreast arteriesprevalencerisk factorscardiovascular diseases |
| spellingShingle | E. V. Bochkareva I. V. Kim E. K. Butina I. D. Stulin S. A. Trukhanov B. A. Rudenko S. A. Boytsov O. M. Drapkina Mammographic Screening as a Tool for Cardiovascular Risk Assessing. Part 1. Breast Arterial Calcification: Pathomorphology, Prevalence and Risk Factors Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии calcification breast arteries prevalence risk factors cardiovascular diseases |
| title | Mammographic Screening as a Tool for Cardiovascular Risk Assessing. Part 1. Breast Arterial Calcification: Pathomorphology, Prevalence and Risk Factors |
| title_full | Mammographic Screening as a Tool for Cardiovascular Risk Assessing. Part 1. Breast Arterial Calcification: Pathomorphology, Prevalence and Risk Factors |
| title_fullStr | Mammographic Screening as a Tool for Cardiovascular Risk Assessing. Part 1. Breast Arterial Calcification: Pathomorphology, Prevalence and Risk Factors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mammographic Screening as a Tool for Cardiovascular Risk Assessing. Part 1. Breast Arterial Calcification: Pathomorphology, Prevalence and Risk Factors |
| title_short | Mammographic Screening as a Tool for Cardiovascular Risk Assessing. Part 1. Breast Arterial Calcification: Pathomorphology, Prevalence and Risk Factors |
| title_sort | mammographic screening as a tool for cardiovascular risk assessing part 1 breast arterial calcification pathomorphology prevalence and risk factors |
| topic | calcification breast arteries prevalence risk factors cardiovascular diseases |
| url | https://www.rpcardio.online/jour/article/view/1921 |
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