Quercetin-Fortified Animal Forage from Onion Waste: A Zero-Waste Approach to Bioactive Feed Development
There is a high demand for the development of new carriers for pharmaceutical forms for human, veterinary, and animal-feeding use. One of the solutions might be bioactive compound-loading pellets for animal forage. The aim of the work was to assess the physical and sensory properties of forage with...
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| author | Janusz Wojtczak Krystyna Szymandera-Buszka Joanna Kobus-Cisowska Kinga Stuper-Szablewska Jarosław Jakubowicz Grzegorz Fiutak Joanna Zeyland Maciej Jarzębski |
| author_facet | Janusz Wojtczak Krystyna Szymandera-Buszka Joanna Kobus-Cisowska Kinga Stuper-Szablewska Jarosław Jakubowicz Grzegorz Fiutak Joanna Zeyland Maciej Jarzębski |
| author_sort | Janusz Wojtczak |
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| description | There is a high demand for the development of new carriers for pharmaceutical forms for human, veterinary, and animal-feeding use. One of the solutions might be bioactive compound-loading pellets for animal forage. The aim of the work was to assess the physical and sensory properties of forage with the addition of onion peel and off-spec onions as a source of quercetin. The feed was prepared using an expanding process (thermal–mechanical expanding process). Quercetin content was evaluated in raw onion and in final-product feed mixture samples (before and after expanding, and pelleting). The obtained feed was subjected to sensory analysis, testing for expanded pellet uniformity, water absorption index (WAI), the angle of a slide, and antioxidant activity. The results confirmed a high recovery of the quercetin after the expanding process (approximately 80%), and a significantly reduced intensity of onion odor, which was confirmed compared to the non-expanded onion, which is beneficial. Furthermore, digital and optical microscopy were applied for structure analysis. Microscopic imaging results confirmed that the onion structures were visible in the whole length of feed material and analyzed cross-sections. The results can be an introduction to further research on developing products that use the expanding and pelleting process to exploit the peel and off-spec onions, as well as other waste raw materials. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a5c79f1589f540fb8964914a3ffdaac0 |
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| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-a5c79f1589f540fb8964914a3ffdaac02025-07-25T13:12:04ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-07-011514769410.3390/app15147694Quercetin-Fortified Animal Forage from Onion Waste: A Zero-Waste Approach to Bioactive Feed DevelopmentJanusz Wojtczak0Krystyna Szymandera-Buszka1Joanna Kobus-Cisowska2Kinga Stuper-Szablewska3Jarosław Jakubowicz4Grzegorz Fiutak5Joanna Zeyland6Maciej Jarzębski7Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Słoneczna 1, 62-002 Złotniki, PolandDepartment of Gastronomy Sciences and Functional Food, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Gastronomy Sciences and Functional Food, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznan, PolandInstitute of Materials Science and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Jana Pawla II 24, 61-138 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Biotechnology and General Technology of Food, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 30-149 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd Street 11, 60-632 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, PolandThere is a high demand for the development of new carriers for pharmaceutical forms for human, veterinary, and animal-feeding use. One of the solutions might be bioactive compound-loading pellets for animal forage. The aim of the work was to assess the physical and sensory properties of forage with the addition of onion peel and off-spec onions as a source of quercetin. The feed was prepared using an expanding process (thermal–mechanical expanding process). Quercetin content was evaluated in raw onion and in final-product feed mixture samples (before and after expanding, and pelleting). The obtained feed was subjected to sensory analysis, testing for expanded pellet uniformity, water absorption index (WAI), the angle of a slide, and antioxidant activity. The results confirmed a high recovery of the quercetin after the expanding process (approximately 80%), and a significantly reduced intensity of onion odor, which was confirmed compared to the non-expanded onion, which is beneficial. Furthermore, digital and optical microscopy were applied for structure analysis. Microscopic imaging results confirmed that the onion structures were visible in the whole length of feed material and analyzed cross-sections. The results can be an introduction to further research on developing products that use the expanding and pelleting process to exploit the peel and off-spec onions, as well as other waste raw materials.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/14/7694quercetinonionanimal foragebioactive foodzero wastemicroscopy |
| spellingShingle | Janusz Wojtczak Krystyna Szymandera-Buszka Joanna Kobus-Cisowska Kinga Stuper-Szablewska Jarosław Jakubowicz Grzegorz Fiutak Joanna Zeyland Maciej Jarzębski Quercetin-Fortified Animal Forage from Onion Waste: A Zero-Waste Approach to Bioactive Feed Development Applied Sciences quercetin onion animal forage bioactive food zero waste microscopy |
| title | Quercetin-Fortified Animal Forage from Onion Waste: A Zero-Waste Approach to Bioactive Feed Development |
| title_full | Quercetin-Fortified Animal Forage from Onion Waste: A Zero-Waste Approach to Bioactive Feed Development |
| title_fullStr | Quercetin-Fortified Animal Forage from Onion Waste: A Zero-Waste Approach to Bioactive Feed Development |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quercetin-Fortified Animal Forage from Onion Waste: A Zero-Waste Approach to Bioactive Feed Development |
| title_short | Quercetin-Fortified Animal Forage from Onion Waste: A Zero-Waste Approach to Bioactive Feed Development |
| title_sort | quercetin fortified animal forage from onion waste a zero waste approach to bioactive feed development |
| topic | quercetin onion animal forage bioactive food zero waste microscopy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/14/7694 |
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