Cytokinesis in Suspension: A Distinctive Trait of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a broad clinical potential, but their selection and expansion on plastic cause unknown purity and phenotypic alterations, reducing therapy efficiency. Furthermore, their behavior in non-adherent conditions during systemic transplantation remains poorly understood....
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| author | Bhavna Rani Hong Qian Staffan Johansson |
| author_facet | Bhavna Rani Hong Qian Staffan Johansson |
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| description | Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a broad clinical potential, but their selection and expansion on plastic cause unknown purity and phenotypic alterations, reducing therapy efficiency. Furthermore, their behavior in non-adherent conditions during systemic transplantation remains poorly understood. The sphere formation from single cells is commonly used to assess stemness, but MSCs lack this ability, raising questions about their anchorage dependence for proliferation. We investigated whether bone marrow-derived MSCs can complete cytokinesis in non-adherent environments. Primary <i>human</i> and <i>mouse</i> bone marrow-derived MSCs were synchronized in early mitosis using nocodazole and were cultured on soft, rigid, or non-adherent surfaces. Both <i>human</i> and <i>mouse</i> MSCs displayed an ALIX (abscission licensor) recruitment to the midbody 40–90 min post-nocodazole release, regardless of the substrate adherence. Cells maintained for 4hr in the suspension remained viable, and daughter cells rapidly migrated apart upon the re-adhesion to fibronectin-coated surfaces, demonstrating cytokinesis completion in suspension. These findings distinguish MSCs from fibroblasts (which require adhesion for division), provide a more general stemness feature, and suggest that adhesion-independent cytokinesis is a trait relevant to the post-transplantation survival and tissue homing. This property may offer strategies to expand MSCs with an improved purity and functionality and to enhance engraftment by leveraging cell cycle manipulation to promote an early extracellular matrix deposition at target sites. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a44823240b6d42b8a014f1c232a7c110 |
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| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-a44823240b6d42b8a014f1c232a7c1102025-06-25T13:36:43ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092025-06-01141293210.3390/cells14120932Cytokinesis in Suspension: A Distinctive Trait of Mesenchymal Stem CellsBhavna Rani0Hong Qian1Staffan Johansson2Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM), Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 582, 751 23 Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM), Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 582, 751 23 Uppsala, SwedenMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a broad clinical potential, but their selection and expansion on plastic cause unknown purity and phenotypic alterations, reducing therapy efficiency. Furthermore, their behavior in non-adherent conditions during systemic transplantation remains poorly understood. The sphere formation from single cells is commonly used to assess stemness, but MSCs lack this ability, raising questions about their anchorage dependence for proliferation. We investigated whether bone marrow-derived MSCs can complete cytokinesis in non-adherent environments. Primary <i>human</i> and <i>mouse</i> bone marrow-derived MSCs were synchronized in early mitosis using nocodazole and were cultured on soft, rigid, or non-adherent surfaces. Both <i>human</i> and <i>mouse</i> MSCs displayed an ALIX (abscission licensor) recruitment to the midbody 40–90 min post-nocodazole release, regardless of the substrate adherence. Cells maintained for 4hr in the suspension remained viable, and daughter cells rapidly migrated apart upon the re-adhesion to fibronectin-coated surfaces, demonstrating cytokinesis completion in suspension. These findings distinguish MSCs from fibroblasts (which require adhesion for division), provide a more general stemness feature, and suggest that adhesion-independent cytokinesis is a trait relevant to the post-transplantation survival and tissue homing. This property may offer strategies to expand MSCs with an improved purity and functionality and to enhance engraftment by leveraging cell cycle manipulation to promote an early extracellular matrix deposition at target sites.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/12/932MSCcytokinesisanchorage independenceALIXmidbody |
| spellingShingle | Bhavna Rani Hong Qian Staffan Johansson Cytokinesis in Suspension: A Distinctive Trait of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cells MSC cytokinesis anchorage independence ALIX midbody |
| title | Cytokinesis in Suspension: A Distinctive Trait of Mesenchymal Stem Cells |
| title_full | Cytokinesis in Suspension: A Distinctive Trait of Mesenchymal Stem Cells |
| title_fullStr | Cytokinesis in Suspension: A Distinctive Trait of Mesenchymal Stem Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cytokinesis in Suspension: A Distinctive Trait of Mesenchymal Stem Cells |
| title_short | Cytokinesis in Suspension: A Distinctive Trait of Mesenchymal Stem Cells |
| title_sort | cytokinesis in suspension a distinctive trait of mesenchymal stem cells |
| topic | MSC cytokinesis anchorage independence ALIX midbody |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/12/932 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bhavnarani cytokinesisinsuspensionadistinctivetraitofmesenchymalstemcells AT hongqian cytokinesisinsuspensionadistinctivetraitofmesenchymalstemcells AT staffanjohansson cytokinesisinsuspensionadistinctivetraitofmesenchymalstemcells |