Discrimination of Clinical and Food-Derived <i>Candida</i> Strains Using Biotyping and Molecular Typing Approaches
Identification and differentiation of <i>Candida</i> spp. yeasts, especially clinically relevant isolates, is of high importance with respect to their origin, pathogenic potential, colonization pattern, and resistance to antimycotics. Currently, numerous typing methods with varying or un...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| author | Katarzyna Rajkowska Anna Otlewska Dorota Simińska |
| author_facet | Katarzyna Rajkowska Anna Otlewska Dorota Simińska |
| author_sort | Katarzyna Rajkowska |
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| description | Identification and differentiation of <i>Candida</i> spp. yeasts, especially clinically relevant isolates, is of high importance with respect to their origin, pathogenic potential, colonization pattern, and resistance to antimycotics. Currently, numerous typing methods with varying or unknown discriminatory power are used. This study evaluated the utility of five methods—biotyping using the API system, ITS1 and ITS4 sequence analysis, ITS region polymorphism, multiplex PCR of ITS1, ITS3, and ITS4 regions, and karyotyping—for typing 42 strains differing in origin (24 clinical and 18 food-borne). The highest discriminatory power was obtained for ITS sequencing and karyotyping, both yielding a discrimination index of 1.000. The discrimination indices for other methods ranged from 0.957 for genotyping based on ITS region polymorphism to 0.997 for multiplex PCR-genotyping. Although biotyping showed relatively high discriminatory potential, its use led to misclassification of 64.3% of isolates compared to ITS sequencing. These findings emphasize the importance of applying a typing method with a discrimination index of 1.000 to ensure accurate interpretation of strain-relatedness and origin. Methods with lower indices may reflect methodological limitations rather than actual genetic relatedness. Determining the discrimination index is therefore essential when selecting appropriate tools for yeast typing, particularly in clinical and epidemiological contexts. |
| format | Article |
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| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-a335b2b718be4acaaec72624dffdc6bf2025-07-25T13:32:37ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172025-06-0114761410.3390/pathogens14070614Discrimination of Clinical and Food-Derived <i>Candida</i> Strains Using Biotyping and Molecular Typing ApproachesKatarzyna Rajkowska0Anna Otlewska1Dorota Simińska2Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-530 Lodz, PolandInstitute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-530 Lodz, PolandInstitute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-530 Lodz, PolandIdentification and differentiation of <i>Candida</i> spp. yeasts, especially clinically relevant isolates, is of high importance with respect to their origin, pathogenic potential, colonization pattern, and resistance to antimycotics. Currently, numerous typing methods with varying or unknown discriminatory power are used. This study evaluated the utility of five methods—biotyping using the API system, ITS1 and ITS4 sequence analysis, ITS region polymorphism, multiplex PCR of ITS1, ITS3, and ITS4 regions, and karyotyping—for typing 42 strains differing in origin (24 clinical and 18 food-borne). The highest discriminatory power was obtained for ITS sequencing and karyotyping, both yielding a discrimination index of 1.000. The discrimination indices for other methods ranged from 0.957 for genotyping based on ITS region polymorphism to 0.997 for multiplex PCR-genotyping. Although biotyping showed relatively high discriminatory potential, its use led to misclassification of 64.3% of isolates compared to ITS sequencing. These findings emphasize the importance of applying a typing method with a discrimination index of 1.000 to ensure accurate interpretation of strain-relatedness and origin. Methods with lower indices may reflect methodological limitations rather than actual genetic relatedness. Determining the discrimination index is therefore essential when selecting appropriate tools for yeast typing, particularly in clinical and epidemiological contexts.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/7/614<i>Candida</i> spp.biotypinggenotypingITS regionPCR multiplexkaryotyping |
| spellingShingle | Katarzyna Rajkowska Anna Otlewska Dorota Simińska Discrimination of Clinical and Food-Derived <i>Candida</i> Strains Using Biotyping and Molecular Typing Approaches Pathogens <i>Candida</i> spp. biotyping genotyping ITS region PCR multiplex karyotyping |
| title | Discrimination of Clinical and Food-Derived <i>Candida</i> Strains Using Biotyping and Molecular Typing Approaches |
| title_full | Discrimination of Clinical and Food-Derived <i>Candida</i> Strains Using Biotyping and Molecular Typing Approaches |
| title_fullStr | Discrimination of Clinical and Food-Derived <i>Candida</i> Strains Using Biotyping and Molecular Typing Approaches |
| title_full_unstemmed | Discrimination of Clinical and Food-Derived <i>Candida</i> Strains Using Biotyping and Molecular Typing Approaches |
| title_short | Discrimination of Clinical and Food-Derived <i>Candida</i> Strains Using Biotyping and Molecular Typing Approaches |
| title_sort | discrimination of clinical and food derived i candida i strains using biotyping and molecular typing approaches |
| topic | <i>Candida</i> spp. biotyping genotyping ITS region PCR multiplex karyotyping |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/7/614 |
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