Climate-resilient strategies for wheat farming: minimizing climate impact, optimizing productivity, and maximizing profitability in the subtropical agroecological landscape of India
This study builds upon existing knowledge to quantify the extent of on-farm yield gaps and identify the most effective climate-resilient strategies (CRSs) to bridge them. By addressing these objectives, the study seeks to enhance wheat yield and resilience in the adverse climatic conditions. Product...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| author | Vijay Singh Meena Vijay Singh Meena Raj Kumar Jat Shubham Durgude Suneel Kumar R. K. Sohane R. K. Jha Abhay Kumar Ujjwal Kumar Anjani Kumar R. N. Singh Illathur R. Reddy S. Pazhanismy Rakesh Kumar Sunita Kumari Meena Ved Prakash Sanjay Kumar Anirban Mukherjee Brijendu Kumar Tarun Kumar Sanjay Mandal Muneshwar Prasad Raghubar Sahu Raghubar Sahu Rajesh Kumar Pankaj Kumar Manoj Kumar Devendra Mandal Ashok Kumar Rajeev Singh Bipul Kumar Mandal N. K. Singh Anita Kumari Jitendra Kumar S. K. Gangwar Jogendra Soren Krishna Bahadur Chhetri Sourav Chaudhary Rahul Singh Rajput Mukesh Kumar Vinod Kumar Kumari Sharda Umesh Narayan Umesh Ranjan Kumar Singh Ranjan Kumar Singh Ravikant Chaubey Vikash Kumar Vikash Kumar Ashutosh Yadav Anmol Kumar Anmol Kumar Manish Kumar Manish Kumar Asheesh Chaurasiya Asheesh Chaurasiya Rupashree Senapati Sanjeev Kumar Sanjeev Kumar Devesh Kumar Prabhat Kumar Singh Sudip Sarkar Shailja Kumari Varsha Kumari Kirti Kumari Priyanka Kumari Avinash Kumar Avinash Kumar Sonu Kumar Rai Sonu Kumar Rai Tej Pratap Tej Pratap Bipul Kumar Jha Anil Kumar Jha Dhananjay Pati Tripathi Swati Sagar |
| author_facet | Vijay Singh Meena Vijay Singh Meena Raj Kumar Jat Shubham Durgude Suneel Kumar R. K. Sohane R. K. Jha Abhay Kumar Ujjwal Kumar Anjani Kumar R. N. Singh Illathur R. Reddy S. Pazhanismy Rakesh Kumar Sunita Kumari Meena Ved Prakash Sanjay Kumar Anirban Mukherjee Brijendu Kumar Tarun Kumar Sanjay Mandal Muneshwar Prasad Raghubar Sahu Raghubar Sahu Rajesh Kumar Pankaj Kumar Manoj Kumar Devendra Mandal Ashok Kumar Rajeev Singh Bipul Kumar Mandal N. K. Singh Anita Kumari Jitendra Kumar S. K. Gangwar Jogendra Soren Krishna Bahadur Chhetri Sourav Chaudhary Rahul Singh Rajput Mukesh Kumar Vinod Kumar Kumari Sharda Umesh Narayan Umesh Ranjan Kumar Singh Ranjan Kumar Singh Ravikant Chaubey Vikash Kumar Vikash Kumar Ashutosh Yadav Anmol Kumar Anmol Kumar Manish Kumar Manish Kumar Asheesh Chaurasiya Asheesh Chaurasiya Rupashree Senapati Sanjeev Kumar Sanjeev Kumar Devesh Kumar Prabhat Kumar Singh Sudip Sarkar Shailja Kumari Varsha Kumari Kirti Kumari Priyanka Kumari Avinash Kumar Avinash Kumar Sonu Kumar Rai Sonu Kumar Rai Tej Pratap Tej Pratap Bipul Kumar Jha Anil Kumar Jha Dhananjay Pati Tripathi Swati Sagar |
| author_sort | Vijay Singh Meena |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study builds upon existing knowledge to quantify the extent of on-farm yield gaps and identify the most effective climate-resilient strategies (CRSs) to bridge them. By addressing these objectives, the study seeks to enhance wheat yield and resilience in the adverse climatic conditions. Productivity and adoption of CRSs are key indicators to monitor the progress toward more resilient production systems. Total eight project hubs were identified across Bihar (Banka, Bhagalpur, Gaya, Khagaria, Madhubani, Munger, Nalanda, and Nawada) for farmers-field experiment-cum-demonstration during rabi season (2019–2020). Three climate-resilient technologies (i) zero tillage (ZT), (ii) raised bed (RB), and (iii) happy seeder (HS) were evaluated across varying planting times from November 13 to December 31. Field experiments-cum-demonstrations conducted across 566 hectares involving 980 farmers in eight districts of Bihar revealed that early wheat planting (13–30 November) significantly enhanced grain productivity (up to 4.96 t/ha) and profitability (net returns up to $863/ha, B:C ratio 1.92), while delayed sowing (post–mid-December) led to yield reductions of up to 57%. Among crop establishment methods, happy seeder (HS) and zero tillage (ZT) consistently outperformed conventional farmer-managed practices, achieving 12.6–14.5% higher net returns and benefit-cost ratios up to 2.02, underscoring the agronomic and economic advantages of timely planting and resource-conserving technologies. The study concludes that sowing wheat in the second week of November using the Happy Seeder (HS) significantly boosts productivity and profitability. These results offer robust evidence to refine regional planting advisories and promote climate-resilient practices for enhancing wheat adaptation across subtropical India. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a2fa99a09e9643e4bd1813a73b9f41f0 |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2571-581X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems |
| spelling | doaj-art-a2fa99a09e9643e4bd1813a73b9f41f02025-07-16T12:40:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems2571-581X2025-07-01910.3389/fsufs.2025.15648121564812Climate-resilient strategies for wheat farming: minimizing climate impact, optimizing productivity, and maximizing profitability in the subtropical agroecological landscape of IndiaVijay Singh Meena0Vijay Singh Meena1Raj Kumar Jat2Shubham Durgude3Suneel Kumar4R. K. Sohane5R. K. Jha6Abhay Kumar7Ujjwal Kumar8Anjani Kumar9R. N. Singh10Illathur R. Reddy11S. Pazhanismy12Rakesh Kumar13Sunita Kumari Meena14Ved Prakash15Sanjay Kumar16Anirban Mukherjee17Brijendu Kumar18Tarun Kumar19Sanjay Mandal20Muneshwar Prasad21Raghubar Sahu22Raghubar Sahu23Rajesh Kumar24Pankaj Kumar25Manoj Kumar26Devendra Mandal27Ashok Kumar28Rajeev Singh29Bipul Kumar Mandal30N. K. Singh31Anita Kumari32Jitendra Kumar33S. K. Gangwar34Jogendra Soren35Krishna Bahadur Chhetri36Sourav Chaudhary37Rahul Singh Rajput38Mukesh Kumar39Vinod Kumar40Kumari Sharda41Umesh Narayan Umesh42Ranjan Kumar Singh43Ranjan Kumar Singh44Ravikant Chaubey45Vikash Kumar46Vikash Kumar47Ashutosh Yadav48Anmol Kumar49Anmol Kumar50Manish Kumar51Manish Kumar52Asheesh Chaurasiya53Asheesh Chaurasiya54Rupashree Senapati55Sanjeev Kumar56Sanjeev Kumar57Devesh Kumar58Prabhat Kumar Singh59Sudip Sarkar60Shailja Kumari61Varsha Kumari62Kirti Kumari63Priyanka Kumari64Avinash Kumar65Avinash Kumar66Sonu Kumar Rai67Sonu Kumar Rai68Tej Pratap69Tej Pratap70Bipul Kumar Jha71Anil Kumar Jha72Dhananjay Pati Tripathi73Swati Sagar74International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), Samastipur, Bihar, IndiaIndian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Samastipur, Bihar, IndiaInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), Samastipur, Bihar, IndiaInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), Samastipur, Bihar, IndiaInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), Samastipur, Bihar, IndiaBihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, IndiaDr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur, Bihar, IndiaIndian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, IndiaIndian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, IndiaIndian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute (Zone – IV), Garbhuchak, Bihar, IndiaBihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, IndiaInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), Samastipur, Bihar, IndiaInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), Samastipur, Bihar, IndiaIndian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, IndiaDr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur, Bihar, IndiaIndian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, IndiaBihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, IndiaIndian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, IndiaKrishi Vigyan Kendra, Banka, Bihar, IndiaDr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur, Bihar, IndiaKrishi Vigyan Kendra, Banka, Bihar, IndiaKrishi Vigyan Kendra, Banka, Bihar, IndiaKrishi Vigyan Kendra, Banka, Bihar, IndiaVeer Kunwar Singh College of Agriculture, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, IndiaKrishi Vigyan Kendra, Bhagalpur, Bihar, IndiaKrishi Vigyan Kendra, Bhagalpur, Bihar, IndiaKrishi Vigyan Kendra, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India0Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Gaya, Bihar, India0Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Gaya, Bihar, India0Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Gaya, Bihar, India1Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Khagaria, Bihar, India1Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Khagaria, Bihar, India1Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Khagaria, Bihar, India1Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Khagaria, Bihar, India2Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Madhubani, Bihar, India2Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Madhubani, Bihar, IndiaDr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur, Bihar, IndiaInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), Samastipur, Bihar, IndiaInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), Samastipur, Bihar, India3Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Munger, Bihar, India3Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Munger, Bihar, India3Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Munger, Bihar, India4Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Nalanda, Bihar, India5Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Nawada, Bihar, India6Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur, Maharashtra, India5Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Nawada, Bihar, India5Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Nawada, Bihar, India7Bhola Paswan Shastri Agricultural College, Purnea, Bihar Agricultural University (BAU), Sabour, Bihar, India2Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Madhubani, Bihar, IndiaBihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, IndiaVeer Kunwar Singh College of Agriculture, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, IndiaKrishi Vigyan Kendra, Banka, Bihar, India8Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Ayodhya, UP, IndiaBihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India7Bhola Paswan Shastri Agricultural College, Purnea, Bihar Agricultural University (BAU), Sabour, Bihar, IndiaDr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur, Bihar, IndiaBihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India9Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur, India8Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Ayodhya, UP, IndiaDr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur, Bihar, IndiaIndian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, IndiaBihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, IndiaBihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, IndiaBihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, IndiaBihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, IndiaIndian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India0Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Gaya, Bihar, IndiaIndian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India0Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Gaya, Bihar, IndiaIndian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India0Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Gaya, Bihar, IndiaDr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur, Bihar, India0Department of Agriculture, Government of Bihar, Patna, Bihar, India0Department of Agriculture, Government of Bihar, Patna, Bihar, India0Department of Agriculture, Government of Bihar, Patna, Bihar, IndiaThis study builds upon existing knowledge to quantify the extent of on-farm yield gaps and identify the most effective climate-resilient strategies (CRSs) to bridge them. By addressing these objectives, the study seeks to enhance wheat yield and resilience in the adverse climatic conditions. Productivity and adoption of CRSs are key indicators to monitor the progress toward more resilient production systems. Total eight project hubs were identified across Bihar (Banka, Bhagalpur, Gaya, Khagaria, Madhubani, Munger, Nalanda, and Nawada) for farmers-field experiment-cum-demonstration during rabi season (2019–2020). Three climate-resilient technologies (i) zero tillage (ZT), (ii) raised bed (RB), and (iii) happy seeder (HS) were evaluated across varying planting times from November 13 to December 31. Field experiments-cum-demonstrations conducted across 566 hectares involving 980 farmers in eight districts of Bihar revealed that early wheat planting (13–30 November) significantly enhanced grain productivity (up to 4.96 t/ha) and profitability (net returns up to $863/ha, B:C ratio 1.92), while delayed sowing (post–mid-December) led to yield reductions of up to 57%. Among crop establishment methods, happy seeder (HS) and zero tillage (ZT) consistently outperformed conventional farmer-managed practices, achieving 12.6–14.5% higher net returns and benefit-cost ratios up to 2.02, underscoring the agronomic and economic advantages of timely planting and resource-conserving technologies. The study concludes that sowing wheat in the second week of November using the Happy Seeder (HS) significantly boosts productivity and profitability. These results offer robust evidence to refine regional planting advisories and promote climate-resilient practices for enhancing wheat adaptation across subtropical India.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1564812/fullcropping systemsplanting timeclimate resilient strategiesprofitabilityproductivity |
| spellingShingle | Vijay Singh Meena Vijay Singh Meena Raj Kumar Jat Shubham Durgude Suneel Kumar R. K. Sohane R. K. Jha Abhay Kumar Ujjwal Kumar Anjani Kumar R. N. Singh Illathur R. Reddy S. Pazhanismy Rakesh Kumar Sunita Kumari Meena Ved Prakash Sanjay Kumar Anirban Mukherjee Brijendu Kumar Tarun Kumar Sanjay Mandal Muneshwar Prasad Raghubar Sahu Raghubar Sahu Rajesh Kumar Pankaj Kumar Manoj Kumar Devendra Mandal Ashok Kumar Rajeev Singh Bipul Kumar Mandal N. K. Singh Anita Kumari Jitendra Kumar S. K. Gangwar Jogendra Soren Krishna Bahadur Chhetri Sourav Chaudhary Rahul Singh Rajput Mukesh Kumar Vinod Kumar Kumari Sharda Umesh Narayan Umesh Ranjan Kumar Singh Ranjan Kumar Singh Ravikant Chaubey Vikash Kumar Vikash Kumar Ashutosh Yadav Anmol Kumar Anmol Kumar Manish Kumar Manish Kumar Asheesh Chaurasiya Asheesh Chaurasiya Rupashree Senapati Sanjeev Kumar Sanjeev Kumar Devesh Kumar Prabhat Kumar Singh Sudip Sarkar Shailja Kumari Varsha Kumari Kirti Kumari Priyanka Kumari Avinash Kumar Avinash Kumar Sonu Kumar Rai Sonu Kumar Rai Tej Pratap Tej Pratap Bipul Kumar Jha Anil Kumar Jha Dhananjay Pati Tripathi Swati Sagar Climate-resilient strategies for wheat farming: minimizing climate impact, optimizing productivity, and maximizing profitability in the subtropical agroecological landscape of India Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems cropping systems planting time climate resilient strategies profitability productivity |
| title | Climate-resilient strategies for wheat farming: minimizing climate impact, optimizing productivity, and maximizing profitability in the subtropical agroecological landscape of India |
| title_full | Climate-resilient strategies for wheat farming: minimizing climate impact, optimizing productivity, and maximizing profitability in the subtropical agroecological landscape of India |
| title_fullStr | Climate-resilient strategies for wheat farming: minimizing climate impact, optimizing productivity, and maximizing profitability in the subtropical agroecological landscape of India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Climate-resilient strategies for wheat farming: minimizing climate impact, optimizing productivity, and maximizing profitability in the subtropical agroecological landscape of India |
| title_short | Climate-resilient strategies for wheat farming: minimizing climate impact, optimizing productivity, and maximizing profitability in the subtropical agroecological landscape of India |
| title_sort | climate resilient strategies for wheat farming minimizing climate impact optimizing productivity and maximizing profitability in the subtropical agroecological landscape of india |
| topic | cropping systems planting time climate resilient strategies profitability productivity |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1564812/full |
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climateresilientstrategiesforwheatfarmingminimizingclimateimpactoptimizingproductivityandmaximizingprofitabilityinthesubtropicalagroecologicallandscapeofindia AT shailjakumari climateresilientstrategiesforwheatfarmingminimizingclimateimpactoptimizingproductivityandmaximizingprofitabilityinthesubtropicalagroecologicallandscapeofindia AT varshakumari climateresilientstrategiesforwheatfarmingminimizingclimateimpactoptimizingproductivityandmaximizingprofitabilityinthesubtropicalagroecologicallandscapeofindia AT kirtikumari climateresilientstrategiesforwheatfarmingminimizingclimateimpactoptimizingproductivityandmaximizingprofitabilityinthesubtropicalagroecologicallandscapeofindia AT priyankakumari climateresilientstrategiesforwheatfarmingminimizingclimateimpactoptimizingproductivityandmaximizingprofitabilityinthesubtropicalagroecologicallandscapeofindia AT avinashkumar climateresilientstrategiesforwheatfarmingminimizingclimateimpactoptimizingproductivityandmaximizingprofitabilityinthesubtropicalagroecologicallandscapeofindia AT avinashkumar climateresilientstrategiesforwheatfarmingminimizingclimateimpactoptimizingproductivityandmaximizingprofitabilityinthesubtropicalagroecologicallandscapeofindia AT sonukumarrai climateresilientstrategiesforwheatfarmingminimizingclimateimpactoptimizingproductivityandmaximizingprofitabilityinthesubtropicalagroecologicallandscapeofindia AT sonukumarrai climateresilientstrategiesforwheatfarmingminimizingclimateimpactoptimizingproductivityandmaximizingprofitabilityinthesubtropicalagroecologicallandscapeofindia AT tejpratap climateresilientstrategiesforwheatfarmingminimizingclimateimpactoptimizingproductivityandmaximizingprofitabilityinthesubtropicalagroecologicallandscapeofindia AT tejpratap climateresilientstrategiesforwheatfarmingminimizingclimateimpactoptimizingproductivityandmaximizingprofitabilityinthesubtropicalagroecologicallandscapeofindia AT bipulkumarjha climateresilientstrategiesforwheatfarmingminimizingclimateimpactoptimizingproductivityandmaximizingprofitabilityinthesubtropicalagroecologicallandscapeofindia AT anilkumarjha climateresilientstrategiesforwheatfarmingminimizingclimateimpactoptimizingproductivityandmaximizingprofitabilityinthesubtropicalagroecologicallandscapeofindia AT dhananjaypatitripathi climateresilientstrategiesforwheatfarmingminimizingclimateimpactoptimizingproductivityandmaximizingprofitabilityinthesubtropicalagroecologicallandscapeofindia AT swatisagar climateresilientstrategiesforwheatfarmingminimizingclimateimpactoptimizingproductivityandmaximizingprofitabilityinthesubtropicalagroecologicallandscapeofindia |