Method for Estimating Amount of Saliva Secreted Using a Throat Microphone
Saliva is an important secretion, and a continued insufficient amount of saliva secreted causes glossitis, stomatitis, and so on. Since the amount of saliva secreted changes daily, adverse effects occur daily. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly measure the amount of saliva secreted and take ap...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3584 |
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| author | Kai Washino Ayumi Ohnishi Tsutomu Terada Masahiko Tsukamoto |
| author_facet | Kai Washino Ayumi Ohnishi Tsutomu Terada Masahiko Tsukamoto |
| author_sort | Kai Washino |
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| description | Saliva is an important secretion, and a continued insufficient amount of saliva secreted causes glossitis, stomatitis, and so on. Since the amount of saliva secreted changes daily, adverse effects occur daily. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly measure the amount of saliva secreted and take appropriate measures when it decreases. However, there is no method to constantly measure saliva. We propose a method to estimate the amount of saliva secreted from the sound acquired by a wearable throat microphone. The proposed method uses deep learning to classify whether the sound acquired by the throat microphone is swallowing or not. Based on the swallowing information, the proposed method estimates the amount of saliva secreted. The accuracy of the classification of swallowing was 96.96%. For the estimation of the amount of saliva secreted, the R was 0.600 and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>M</mi><mi>A</mi><mi>E</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> was <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>0.0487</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a1fa3723f0694bf2a7ee56c10c6968d9 |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-a1fa3723f0694bf2a7ee56c10c6968d92025-06-25T14:25:08ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-06-012512358410.3390/s25123584Method for Estimating Amount of Saliva Secreted Using a Throat MicrophoneKai Washino0Ayumi Ohnishi1Tsutomu Terada2Masahiko Tsukamoto3Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, JapanGraduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, JapanGraduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, JapanGraduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, JapanSaliva is an important secretion, and a continued insufficient amount of saliva secreted causes glossitis, stomatitis, and so on. Since the amount of saliva secreted changes daily, adverse effects occur daily. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly measure the amount of saliva secreted and take appropriate measures when it decreases. However, there is no method to constantly measure saliva. We propose a method to estimate the amount of saliva secreted from the sound acquired by a wearable throat microphone. The proposed method uses deep learning to classify whether the sound acquired by the throat microphone is swallowing or not. Based on the swallowing information, the proposed method estimates the amount of saliva secreted. The accuracy of the classification of swallowing was 96.96%. For the estimation of the amount of saliva secreted, the R was 0.600 and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>M</mi><mi>A</mi><mi>E</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> was <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>0.0487</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3584wearable computinghealthcaresaliva secretionoral environment |
| spellingShingle | Kai Washino Ayumi Ohnishi Tsutomu Terada Masahiko Tsukamoto Method for Estimating Amount of Saliva Secreted Using a Throat Microphone Sensors wearable computing healthcare saliva secretion oral environment |
| title | Method for Estimating Amount of Saliva Secreted Using a Throat Microphone |
| title_full | Method for Estimating Amount of Saliva Secreted Using a Throat Microphone |
| title_fullStr | Method for Estimating Amount of Saliva Secreted Using a Throat Microphone |
| title_full_unstemmed | Method for Estimating Amount of Saliva Secreted Using a Throat Microphone |
| title_short | Method for Estimating Amount of Saliva Secreted Using a Throat Microphone |
| title_sort | method for estimating amount of saliva secreted using a throat microphone |
| topic | wearable computing healthcare saliva secretion oral environment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3584 |
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