Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Auxin-Responsive <i>GH3</i> Gene Family in Pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.)
As an auxin-responsive gene, <i>Gretchen Hagen 3</i> (<i>GH3</i>) maintains hormonal homeostasis by conjugating excess auxin with amino acids in plant stress-related signaling pathways. <i>GH3</i> genes have been characterized in many plant species, but the charac...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Plants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/14/2231 |
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| Summary: | As an auxin-responsive gene, <i>Gretchen Hagen 3</i> (<i>GH3</i>) maintains hormonal homeostasis by conjugating excess auxin with amino acids in plant stress-related signaling pathways. <i>GH3</i> genes have been characterized in many plant species, but the characteristics of pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.) <i>GH3</i> (<i>CaGH3</i>) gene family members in response to multiple stimulants are largely unknown. In this study, we systematically identified the <i>CaGH3</i> gene family at the genome level and identified eight members on four chromosomes in pepper. <i>CaGH3</i>s were divided into two groups (I and III) and shared conserved motifs, domains, and gene structures. Moreover, <i>CaGH3</i>s had close evolutionary relationships with tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.), and the promoters of most <i>CaGH3</i> genes contained hormone and abiotic stress response elements. A protein interaction prediction analysis demonstrated that the CaGH3-3/3-6/3-7/3-8 proteins were possibly core members of the <i>CaGH3</i> family interaction. In addition, qRT-PCR results showed that <i>CaGH3</i> genes were differentially expressed in pepper tissues and could be induced by phytohormones (IAA, ABA, and MeJA) and abiotic stresses (salt, low temperature, and drought) with different patterns. In addition, <i>CaGH3-5</i> and <i>CaGH3-7</i> were cloned, and the sequences showed a high degree of conservation. Moreover, the results of subcellular localization indicated that they were located in the membrane and chloroplast. Notably, after overexpressing <i>CaGH3-7</i> in tomato, RNA-seq was performed on wild-type and transgenic lines, and the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in response to external stimuli. This study not only lays the foundation for a comprehensive understanding of the function of the <i>CaGH3</i> gene family during plant growth and stress responses but also provides potential genetic resources for pepper resistance breeding. |
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| ISSN: | 2223-7747 |