Optimizing Rice Yield and Heat Stress Resilience Through Nitrogen Top Dressing Before Panicle Emergence
The increased frequency of extreme heat stress events due to climate change is adversely impacting rice yield. Nitrogen (N) is an essential element in the synthesis of chlorophyll in rice, contributing substantially to the achievement of spikelet fertility and addressing the high yields. Two experim...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Nitrogen |
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| author | Shafiqullah Aryan Gulbuddin Gulab Safiullah Habibi Tayebullah Zahid Zabihullah Safi Nasratullah Habibi Abdul Basir Mahmoodzada Mohammad Wasif Amin Ijaz Ahmad Samsor Kenji Erie |
| author_facet | Shafiqullah Aryan Gulbuddin Gulab Safiullah Habibi Tayebullah Zahid Zabihullah Safi Nasratullah Habibi Abdul Basir Mahmoodzada Mohammad Wasif Amin Ijaz Ahmad Samsor Kenji Erie |
| author_sort | Shafiqullah Aryan |
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| description | The increased frequency of extreme heat stress events due to climate change is adversely impacting rice yield. Nitrogen (N) is an essential element in the synthesis of chlorophyll in rice, contributing substantially to the achievement of spikelet fertility and addressing the high yields. Two experiments were conducted in Japan and Afghanistan in 2020 and 2022, respectively, utilizing IR64 and Nipponbare (NPB) varieties to elucidate the efficacy of N top-dressing on spikelet fertility and yield of rice under heat stress conditions. In experiment I, the treatments involved were based on N application before panicle emergence in pots, including (1) control (fertilized at the tillering stage), (2) control + N topdressing, (3) heat stress (fertilized at the tillering stage), and (4) heat stress + N topdressing. Experiment II consisted of (1) control (basal dressing at the tillering stage) and (2) control + N topdressing, which was conducted under field conditions. Results showed that N application significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increased SPAD values and spikelet fertility rates in both experiments. A positive correlation (range; r = 0.83–0.98) was observed between enhanced SPAD values and spikelet fertility rates in IR64 and NPB rice varieties under both ambient and heat stress conditions. Moreover, there were notable increases in photosynthetic rate (7.4% to 52.6%) and leaf transpiration. N top dressing significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increased the panicle length, panicle weight, number of secondary branches/panicle, filled grain/panicle, total spikelets/panicle, and yield/plant. However, there was no significant difference in the number of primary branches per panicle and 1000-grain weight. In addition, the number of unfilled grains/panicle decreased from 5.5 to 49.7% with N top dressing in both experiments. Applying N as a top dressing improved the spikelet fertility percentage and other yield components, resulting in a high yield/plant. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9b10c3833ed842b3b2d15d5e680c5eff |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2504-3129 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Nitrogen |
| spelling | doaj-art-9b10c3833ed842b3b2d15d5e680c5eff2025-06-25T14:15:23ZengMDPI AGNitrogen2504-31292025-05-01624010.3390/nitrogen6020040Optimizing Rice Yield and Heat Stress Resilience Through Nitrogen Top Dressing Before Panicle EmergenceShafiqullah Aryan0Gulbuddin Gulab1Safiullah Habibi2Tayebullah Zahid3Zabihullah Safi4Nasratullah Habibi5Abdul Basir Mahmoodzada6Mohammad Wasif Amin7Ijaz Ahmad Samsor8Kenji Erie9Department of International Agricultural Development, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, JapanFaculty of Agriculture, Nangarhar University, Jalalabad 2601, AfghanistanFaculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Saiwai-cho 3-5-8, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, JapanFaculty of Agriculture, Nangarhar University, Jalalabad 2601, AfghanistanFaculty of Agriculture, Nangarhar University, Jalalabad 2601, AfghanistanDepartment of International Agricultural Development, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, JapanFaculty of Engineering Geology and Mines, Jowzjan University, Sheberghan 1901, AfghanistanDepartment of International Agricultural Development, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, JapanDepartment of International Agricultural Development, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, JapanDepartment of International Agricultural Development, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, JapanThe increased frequency of extreme heat stress events due to climate change is adversely impacting rice yield. Nitrogen (N) is an essential element in the synthesis of chlorophyll in rice, contributing substantially to the achievement of spikelet fertility and addressing the high yields. Two experiments were conducted in Japan and Afghanistan in 2020 and 2022, respectively, utilizing IR64 and Nipponbare (NPB) varieties to elucidate the efficacy of N top-dressing on spikelet fertility and yield of rice under heat stress conditions. In experiment I, the treatments involved were based on N application before panicle emergence in pots, including (1) control (fertilized at the tillering stage), (2) control + N topdressing, (3) heat stress (fertilized at the tillering stage), and (4) heat stress + N topdressing. Experiment II consisted of (1) control (basal dressing at the tillering stage) and (2) control + N topdressing, which was conducted under field conditions. Results showed that N application significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increased SPAD values and spikelet fertility rates in both experiments. A positive correlation (range; r = 0.83–0.98) was observed between enhanced SPAD values and spikelet fertility rates in IR64 and NPB rice varieties under both ambient and heat stress conditions. Moreover, there were notable increases in photosynthetic rate (7.4% to 52.6%) and leaf transpiration. N top dressing significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increased the panicle length, panicle weight, number of secondary branches/panicle, filled grain/panicle, total spikelets/panicle, and yield/plant. However, there was no significant difference in the number of primary branches per panicle and 1000-grain weight. In addition, the number of unfilled grains/panicle decreased from 5.5 to 49.7% with N top dressing in both experiments. Applying N as a top dressing improved the spikelet fertility percentage and other yield components, resulting in a high yield/plant.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3129/6/2/40heat stressnitrogenSPAD valuespikelet fertility raterice |
| spellingShingle | Shafiqullah Aryan Gulbuddin Gulab Safiullah Habibi Tayebullah Zahid Zabihullah Safi Nasratullah Habibi Abdul Basir Mahmoodzada Mohammad Wasif Amin Ijaz Ahmad Samsor Kenji Erie Optimizing Rice Yield and Heat Stress Resilience Through Nitrogen Top Dressing Before Panicle Emergence Nitrogen heat stress nitrogen SPAD value spikelet fertility rate rice |
| title | Optimizing Rice Yield and Heat Stress Resilience Through Nitrogen Top Dressing Before Panicle Emergence |
| title_full | Optimizing Rice Yield and Heat Stress Resilience Through Nitrogen Top Dressing Before Panicle Emergence |
| title_fullStr | Optimizing Rice Yield and Heat Stress Resilience Through Nitrogen Top Dressing Before Panicle Emergence |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimizing Rice Yield and Heat Stress Resilience Through Nitrogen Top Dressing Before Panicle Emergence |
| title_short | Optimizing Rice Yield and Heat Stress Resilience Through Nitrogen Top Dressing Before Panicle Emergence |
| title_sort | optimizing rice yield and heat stress resilience through nitrogen top dressing before panicle emergence |
| topic | heat stress nitrogen SPAD value spikelet fertility rate rice |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3129/6/2/40 |
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