Eruptive modes and hiatus of volcanism at West Mata seamount, NE Lau basin: 1996–2012
Abstract We present multiple lines of evidence for years to decade‐long changes in the location and character of volcanic activity at West Mata seamount in the NE Lau basin over a 16 year period, and a hiatus in summit eruptions from early 2011 to at least September 2012. Boninite lava and pyroclast...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2014-10-01
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| Series: | Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GC005387 |
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| author | Robert W. Embley Susan G. Merle Edward T. Baker Kenna H. Rubin John E. Lupton Joseph A. Resing Robert P. Dziak Marvin D. Lilley William W. Chadwick Jr. T. Shank Ron Greene Sharon L. Walker Joseph Haxel Eric Olson Tamara Baumberger |
| author_facet | Robert W. Embley Susan G. Merle Edward T. Baker Kenna H. Rubin John E. Lupton Joseph A. Resing Robert P. Dziak Marvin D. Lilley William W. Chadwick Jr. T. Shank Ron Greene Sharon L. Walker Joseph Haxel Eric Olson Tamara Baumberger |
| author_sort | Robert W. Embley |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract We present multiple lines of evidence for years to decade‐long changes in the location and character of volcanic activity at West Mata seamount in the NE Lau basin over a 16 year period, and a hiatus in summit eruptions from early 2011 to at least September 2012. Boninite lava and pyroclasts were observed erupting from its summit in 2009, and hydroacoustic data from a succession of hydrophones moored nearby show near‐continuous eruptive activity from January 2009 to early 2011. Successive differencing of seven multibeam bathymetric surveys of the volcano made in the 1996–2012 period reveals a pattern of extended constructional volcanism on the summit and northwest flank punctuated by eruptions along the volcano's WSW rift zone (WSWRZ). Away from the summit, the volumetrically largest eruption during the observational period occurred between May 2010 and November 2011 at ∼2920 m depth near the base of the WSWRZ. The (nearly) equally long ENE rift zone did not experience any volcanic activity during the 1996–2012 period. The cessation of summit volcanism recorded on the moored hydrophone was accompanied or followed by the formation of a small summit crater and a landslide on the eastern flank. Water column sensors, analysis of gas samples in the overlying hydrothermal plume and dives with a remotely operated vehicle in September 2012 confirmed that the summit eruption had ceased. Based on the historical eruption rates calculated using the bathymetric differencing technique, the volcano could be as young as several thousand years. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-99e1508367e743f99b79f56b413ab4de |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 1525-2027 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2014-10-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems |
| spelling | doaj-art-99e1508367e743f99b79f56b413ab4de2025-07-31T13:01:28ZengWileyGeochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems1525-20272014-10-0115104093411510.1002/2014GC005387Eruptive modes and hiatus of volcanism at West Mata seamount, NE Lau basin: 1996–2012Robert W. Embley0Susan G. Merle1Edward T. Baker2Kenna H. Rubin3John E. Lupton4Joseph A. Resing5Robert P. Dziak6Marvin D. Lilley7William W. Chadwick Jr.8T. Shank9Ron Greene10Sharon L. Walker11Joseph Haxel12Eric Olson13Tamara Baumberger14NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental LaboratoryNewport Oregon USACooperative Institute of Marine Resources Studies, Oregon State University and NOAA PMELNewport Oregon USANOAA Pacific Marine Environmental LaboratorySeattle Washington USASOEST, University of Hawaii at ManoaHonolulu Hawaii USANOAA Pacific Marine Environmental LaboratoryNewport Oregon USAJoint Institute for the Study of the Atmospheres and Oceans, University of Washington and NOAA PMELSeattle Washington USACooperative Institute of Marine Resources Studies, Oregon State University and NOAA PMELNewport Oregon USASchool of Oceanography, University of WashingtonSeattle Washington USACooperative Institute of Marine Resources Studies, Oregon State University and NOAA PMELNewport Oregon USAWoods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods Hole Massachusetts USACooperative Institute of Marine Resources Studies, Oregon State University and NOAA PMELNewport Oregon USASOEST, University of Hawaii at ManoaHonolulu Hawaii USACooperative Institute of Marine Resources Studies, Oregon State University and NOAA PMELNewport Oregon USASchool of Oceanography, University of WashingtonSeattle Washington USACentre for Geobiology and Department of Earth ScienceUniversity of BergenBergen NorwayAbstract We present multiple lines of evidence for years to decade‐long changes in the location and character of volcanic activity at West Mata seamount in the NE Lau basin over a 16 year period, and a hiatus in summit eruptions from early 2011 to at least September 2012. Boninite lava and pyroclasts were observed erupting from its summit in 2009, and hydroacoustic data from a succession of hydrophones moored nearby show near‐continuous eruptive activity from January 2009 to early 2011. Successive differencing of seven multibeam bathymetric surveys of the volcano made in the 1996–2012 period reveals a pattern of extended constructional volcanism on the summit and northwest flank punctuated by eruptions along the volcano's WSW rift zone (WSWRZ). Away from the summit, the volumetrically largest eruption during the observational period occurred between May 2010 and November 2011 at ∼2920 m depth near the base of the WSWRZ. The (nearly) equally long ENE rift zone did not experience any volcanic activity during the 1996–2012 period. The cessation of summit volcanism recorded on the moored hydrophone was accompanied or followed by the formation of a small summit crater and a landslide on the eastern flank. Water column sensors, analysis of gas samples in the overlying hydrothermal plume and dives with a remotely operated vehicle in September 2012 confirmed that the summit eruption had ceased. Based on the historical eruption rates calculated using the bathymetric differencing technique, the volcano could be as young as several thousand years.https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GC005387seamountLauvolcanoeruptionsubmarinemultibeam |
| spellingShingle | Robert W. Embley Susan G. Merle Edward T. Baker Kenna H. Rubin John E. Lupton Joseph A. Resing Robert P. Dziak Marvin D. Lilley William W. Chadwick Jr. T. Shank Ron Greene Sharon L. Walker Joseph Haxel Eric Olson Tamara Baumberger Eruptive modes and hiatus of volcanism at West Mata seamount, NE Lau basin: 1996–2012 Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems seamount Lau volcano eruption submarine multibeam |
| title | Eruptive modes and hiatus of volcanism at West Mata seamount, NE Lau basin: 1996–2012 |
| title_full | Eruptive modes and hiatus of volcanism at West Mata seamount, NE Lau basin: 1996–2012 |
| title_fullStr | Eruptive modes and hiatus of volcanism at West Mata seamount, NE Lau basin: 1996–2012 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Eruptive modes and hiatus of volcanism at West Mata seamount, NE Lau basin: 1996–2012 |
| title_short | Eruptive modes and hiatus of volcanism at West Mata seamount, NE Lau basin: 1996–2012 |
| title_sort | eruptive modes and hiatus of volcanism at west mata seamount ne lau basin 1996 2012 |
| topic | seamount Lau volcano eruption submarine multibeam |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GC005387 |
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