Advanced Numerical Validation of Integrated Electrochemical-Thermal Models for PCM-Based Li-Ion Battery Thermal Management System
In this investigation, a comprehensive validation framework for an integrated electrochemical-thermal model that addresses critical thermal management challenges in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is presented. The two-dimensional numerical model combines the Newman–Tiedemann–Gu–Kim (NTGK) electrochemi...
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2025-06-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3386 |
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| author | Mahdieh Nasiri Hamid Hadim |
| author_facet | Mahdieh Nasiri Hamid Hadim |
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| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this investigation, a comprehensive validation framework for an integrated electrochemical-thermal model that addresses critical thermal management challenges in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is presented. The two-dimensional numerical model combines the Newman–Tiedemann–Gu–Kim (NTGK) electrochemical-thermal battery framework with the enthalpy-porosity approach for phase change material (PCM) battery thermal management systems (BTMSs). Rigorous validation against benchmarks demonstrates the model’s exceptional predictive capability across a wide range of operating conditions. Simulated temperature distribution and voltage capacity profiles at multiple discharge rates show excellent agreement with the experimental data, accurately capturing the underlying electrochemical-thermal mechanisms. Incorporating Capric acid (with a phase transition range of 302–305 K) as the PCM, the thermal management model demonstrates significantly improved accuracy over existing models in the literature. Notable error reductions include a 78.3% decrease in the Mean Squared Error (0.477 vs. 2.202), a 53.4% reduction in the Root Mean Squared Error (0.619 vs. 1.483), and a 55.5% drop in the Mean Absolute Percentage Error. Statistical analysis further confirms the model’s robustness, with a high coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.968858) and well-distributed residuals. Liquid fraction evolution analysis highlights the PCM’s ability to absorb thermal energy effectively during high-discharge operations, enhancing thermal regulation. This validated model provides a reliable foundation for the design of next-generation BTMS, aiming to improve the safety, performance, and lifespan of LIBs in advanced energy storage applications where thermal stability is critical. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-95a3a3a367e44c25a0c58acdee8c7ed1 |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
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| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj-art-95a3a3a367e44c25a0c58acdee8c7ed12025-07-11T14:38:52ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-06-011813338610.3390/en18133386Advanced Numerical Validation of Integrated Electrochemical-Thermal Models for PCM-Based Li-Ion Battery Thermal Management SystemMahdieh Nasiri0Hamid Hadim1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USAIn this investigation, a comprehensive validation framework for an integrated electrochemical-thermal model that addresses critical thermal management challenges in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is presented. The two-dimensional numerical model combines the Newman–Tiedemann–Gu–Kim (NTGK) electrochemical-thermal battery framework with the enthalpy-porosity approach for phase change material (PCM) battery thermal management systems (BTMSs). Rigorous validation against benchmarks demonstrates the model’s exceptional predictive capability across a wide range of operating conditions. Simulated temperature distribution and voltage capacity profiles at multiple discharge rates show excellent agreement with the experimental data, accurately capturing the underlying electrochemical-thermal mechanisms. Incorporating Capric acid (with a phase transition range of 302–305 K) as the PCM, the thermal management model demonstrates significantly improved accuracy over existing models in the literature. Notable error reductions include a 78.3% decrease in the Mean Squared Error (0.477 vs. 2.202), a 53.4% reduction in the Root Mean Squared Error (0.619 vs. 1.483), and a 55.5% drop in the Mean Absolute Percentage Error. Statistical analysis further confirms the model’s robustness, with a high coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.968858) and well-distributed residuals. Liquid fraction evolution analysis highlights the PCM’s ability to absorb thermal energy effectively during high-discharge operations, enhancing thermal regulation. This validated model provides a reliable foundation for the design of next-generation BTMS, aiming to improve the safety, performance, and lifespan of LIBs in advanced energy storage applications where thermal stability is critical.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3386battery thermal management systemBTMSphase change materialsPCMLi-ion batterythermal energy storage |
| spellingShingle | Mahdieh Nasiri Hamid Hadim Advanced Numerical Validation of Integrated Electrochemical-Thermal Models for PCM-Based Li-Ion Battery Thermal Management System Energies battery thermal management system BTMS phase change materials PCM Li-ion battery thermal energy storage |
| title | Advanced Numerical Validation of Integrated Electrochemical-Thermal Models for PCM-Based Li-Ion Battery Thermal Management System |
| title_full | Advanced Numerical Validation of Integrated Electrochemical-Thermal Models for PCM-Based Li-Ion Battery Thermal Management System |
| title_fullStr | Advanced Numerical Validation of Integrated Electrochemical-Thermal Models for PCM-Based Li-Ion Battery Thermal Management System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advanced Numerical Validation of Integrated Electrochemical-Thermal Models for PCM-Based Li-Ion Battery Thermal Management System |
| title_short | Advanced Numerical Validation of Integrated Electrochemical-Thermal Models for PCM-Based Li-Ion Battery Thermal Management System |
| title_sort | advanced numerical validation of integrated electrochemical thermal models for pcm based li ion battery thermal management system |
| topic | battery thermal management system BTMS phase change materials PCM Li-ion battery thermal energy storage |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3386 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mahdiehnasiri advancednumericalvalidationofintegratedelectrochemicalthermalmodelsforpcmbasedliionbatterythermalmanagementsystem AT hamidhadim advancednumericalvalidationofintegratedelectrochemicalthermalmodelsforpcmbasedliionbatterythermalmanagementsystem |