Domestic Dog Scent Marks Trigger a Behavioural Response in Wild Wolves
ABSTRACT The European grey wolf (Canis lupus) and domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) share not only a common origin but also many similarities in behaviour. Due to the introduction of legal protection, wolves have recolonised large parts of Europe. They are increasingly inhabiting human‐dominated...
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Wiley
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Ecology and Evolution |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71364 |
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| author | Kinga M. Stępniak Tom A. Diserens Maciej Szewczyk Robert W. Mysłajek Dries P. J. Kuijper |
| author_facet | Kinga M. Stępniak Tom A. Diserens Maciej Szewczyk Robert W. Mysłajek Dries P. J. Kuijper |
| author_sort | Kinga M. Stępniak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT The European grey wolf (Canis lupus) and domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) share not only a common origin but also many similarities in behaviour. Due to the introduction of legal protection, wolves have recolonised large parts of Europe. They are increasingly inhabiting human‐dominated landscapes, leading to a growing potential for interactions between wolves and domestic dogs. However, these interactions between wolves and dogs are still poorly understood. Scent marking is one of the main forms of communication in canids and is crucial for marking territories, synchronising reproduction, establishing hierarchies within groups, and forming new breeding pairs. We hypothesised that the presence of domestic dog scent markings in wolf territories may induce a behavioural response and therefore interfere with wolf behaviour. To test this, we experimentally scent‐marked objects within known wolf home ranges in Kampinos National Park, Poland, to simulate the presence of “unknown dogs” (dog urine from outside the area) and water as a control. To test whether and how wolves' behavioural response to the scents of domestic dogs and wolves differs, we additionally left scent marks of “unknown wolves” (wolf urine from outside the area). Using camera traps, we studied the behavioural responses of local wolf families exposed simultaneously to all three scent stimuli. Juveniles spent significantly more time sniffing wolf scent (37.1 ± 8.9 s) than dog scent (7.1 ± 3.4 s), while breeding pairs displayed more diverse marking behaviours, including overmarking and ground scratching, particularly in response to wolf scent. Wolves spent a longer time responding to wolf scent marks than to dog scent marks, indicating they may distinguish between them, but inexperienced juveniles spent much more time exploring dog scent marks than adults. Our results indicate that domestic dog scent marks trigger a behavioural response in wild wolves. This suggests that the increasing occurrence of dogs inside wolf territories could affect and potentially disturb the scent‐marking behaviour of wolves. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-936a57f727ca48e4a22e03e9cd354e13 |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2045-7758 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecology and Evolution |
| spelling | doaj-art-936a57f727ca48e4a22e03e9cd354e132025-07-29T05:23:10ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582025-07-01157n/an/a10.1002/ece3.71364Domestic Dog Scent Marks Trigger a Behavioural Response in Wild WolvesKinga M. Stępniak0Tom A. Diserens1Maciej Szewczyk2Robert W. Mysłajek3Dries P. J. Kuijper4Department of Animal Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology Faculty of Biology University of Warsaw Warsaw PolandMammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Białowieża PolandDepartment of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, Faculty of Biology University of Gdańsk Gdańsk PolandDepartment of Animal Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology Faculty of Biology University of Warsaw Warsaw PolandMammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Białowieża PolandABSTRACT The European grey wolf (Canis lupus) and domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) share not only a common origin but also many similarities in behaviour. Due to the introduction of legal protection, wolves have recolonised large parts of Europe. They are increasingly inhabiting human‐dominated landscapes, leading to a growing potential for interactions between wolves and domestic dogs. However, these interactions between wolves and dogs are still poorly understood. Scent marking is one of the main forms of communication in canids and is crucial for marking territories, synchronising reproduction, establishing hierarchies within groups, and forming new breeding pairs. We hypothesised that the presence of domestic dog scent markings in wolf territories may induce a behavioural response and therefore interfere with wolf behaviour. To test this, we experimentally scent‐marked objects within known wolf home ranges in Kampinos National Park, Poland, to simulate the presence of “unknown dogs” (dog urine from outside the area) and water as a control. To test whether and how wolves' behavioural response to the scents of domestic dogs and wolves differs, we additionally left scent marks of “unknown wolves” (wolf urine from outside the area). Using camera traps, we studied the behavioural responses of local wolf families exposed simultaneously to all three scent stimuli. Juveniles spent significantly more time sniffing wolf scent (37.1 ± 8.9 s) than dog scent (7.1 ± 3.4 s), while breeding pairs displayed more diverse marking behaviours, including overmarking and ground scratching, particularly in response to wolf scent. Wolves spent a longer time responding to wolf scent marks than to dog scent marks, indicating they may distinguish between them, but inexperienced juveniles spent much more time exploring dog scent marks than adults. Our results indicate that domestic dog scent marks trigger a behavioural response in wild wolves. This suggests that the increasing occurrence of dogs inside wolf territories could affect and potentially disturb the scent‐marking behaviour of wolves.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71364chemical communicationconservationintraspecific interactionsterritory defence |
| spellingShingle | Kinga M. Stępniak Tom A. Diserens Maciej Szewczyk Robert W. Mysłajek Dries P. J. Kuijper Domestic Dog Scent Marks Trigger a Behavioural Response in Wild Wolves Ecology and Evolution chemical communication conservation intraspecific interactions territory defence |
| title | Domestic Dog Scent Marks Trigger a Behavioural Response in Wild Wolves |
| title_full | Domestic Dog Scent Marks Trigger a Behavioural Response in Wild Wolves |
| title_fullStr | Domestic Dog Scent Marks Trigger a Behavioural Response in Wild Wolves |
| title_full_unstemmed | Domestic Dog Scent Marks Trigger a Behavioural Response in Wild Wolves |
| title_short | Domestic Dog Scent Marks Trigger a Behavioural Response in Wild Wolves |
| title_sort | domestic dog scent marks trigger a behavioural response in wild wolves |
| topic | chemical communication conservation intraspecific interactions territory defence |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71364 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kingamstepniak domesticdogscentmarkstriggerabehaviouralresponseinwildwolves AT tomadiserens domesticdogscentmarkstriggerabehaviouralresponseinwildwolves AT maciejszewczyk domesticdogscentmarkstriggerabehaviouralresponseinwildwolves AT robertwmysłajek domesticdogscentmarkstriggerabehaviouralresponseinwildwolves AT driespjkuijper domesticdogscentmarkstriggerabehaviouralresponseinwildwolves |