Nitrogen Fertilization of Grass Leys: Yield Production and Risk of Nitrogen Leaching
Abstract. The soil surface balance of nitrogen (N), calculated as the difference between N inputs and output, is a principal agri-environmental indicator that provides information on the potential loss of N to surface or groundwater. (Research purpose) Determination of relevant models of yield respo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | Russian |
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Federal Scientific Agroengineering Centre VIM
2019-04-01
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| Series: | Сельскохозяйственные машины и технологии |
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| Online Access: | https://www.vimsmit.com/jour/article/view/323 |
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| author | Elena Valkama Katri Rankinen Perttu Virkajärvi Tapio Salo Petri Kapuinen Eila Turtola |
| author_facet | Elena Valkama Katri Rankinen Perttu Virkajärvi Tapio Salo Petri Kapuinen Eila Turtola |
| author_sort | Elena Valkama |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract. The soil surface balance of nitrogen (N), calculated as the difference between N inputs and output, is a principal agri-environmental indicator that provides information on the potential loss of N to surface or groundwater. (Research purpose) Determination of relevant models of yield response to N fertilization could prove helpful in minimizing N balance and simultaneously maintaining high-yield production. (Materials and methods) The authors used meta-analysis to quantitatively summarize 40 N fertilization experiments on perennial grass leys in Finland and assessed the effect of inorganic N fertilization on grass yields and N balances, and further estimated potential to reduce N input and N balances. The relationship was estimated by using the COUP model (a coupled heat and mass transfer model for ‘soilplant-atmosphere’ systems) and by reviewing the 12 Nordic studies on N leaching experiments involving lysimeters and drained field plots. (Results and discussion) It was found that the optimal N content in mineral soils is 230 kilograms per hectare, in organic – 190. In the first case, the economic effect of nitrogen introduction is 206 euro per hectare, in the second one – 62. (Conclusions) The developed yield response models can serve to construct a dynamic tool for growers to adjust N applications for maximizing economic profitability. The authors proved that the values predicted by the COUP model for N leaching losses after the application of mineral N fertilizer to perennial grass leys were in accordance with the low values measured, which ranged from 1.2 to 10-15 kilograms per hectar a year in Finland and in the Nordic-Baltic countries. It was also revealed that a possible risk of N leaching losses when using only inorganic N fertilization seems less crucial due to its low level and weak association with N balances. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8c9df042bf3e4932bd1c93dd61a8d63f |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2073-7599 |
| language | Russian |
| publishDate | 2019-04-01 |
| publisher | Federal Scientific Agroengineering Centre VIM |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Сельскохозяйственные машины и технологии |
| spelling | doaj-art-8c9df042bf3e4932bd1c93dd61a8d63f2025-08-04T10:24:37ZrusFederal Scientific Agroengineering Centre VIMСельскохозяйственные машины и технологии2073-75992019-04-01132313910.22314/2073-7599-2018-13-2-31-39280Nitrogen Fertilization of Grass Leys: Yield Production and Risk of Nitrogen LeachingElena Valkama0Katri Rankinen1Perttu Virkajärvi2Tapio Salo3Petri Kapuinen4Eila Turtola5Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)Finnish Environmental InstituteNatural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)Abstract. The soil surface balance of nitrogen (N), calculated as the difference between N inputs and output, is a principal agri-environmental indicator that provides information on the potential loss of N to surface or groundwater. (Research purpose) Determination of relevant models of yield response to N fertilization could prove helpful in minimizing N balance and simultaneously maintaining high-yield production. (Materials and methods) The authors used meta-analysis to quantitatively summarize 40 N fertilization experiments on perennial grass leys in Finland and assessed the effect of inorganic N fertilization on grass yields and N balances, and further estimated potential to reduce N input and N balances. The relationship was estimated by using the COUP model (a coupled heat and mass transfer model for ‘soilplant-atmosphere’ systems) and by reviewing the 12 Nordic studies on N leaching experiments involving lysimeters and drained field plots. (Results and discussion) It was found that the optimal N content in mineral soils is 230 kilograms per hectare, in organic – 190. In the first case, the economic effect of nitrogen introduction is 206 euro per hectare, in the second one – 62. (Conclusions) The developed yield response models can serve to construct a dynamic tool for growers to adjust N applications for maximizing economic profitability. The authors proved that the values predicted by the COUP model for N leaching losses after the application of mineral N fertilizer to perennial grass leys were in accordance with the low values measured, which ranged from 1.2 to 10-15 kilograms per hectar a year in Finland and in the Nordic-Baltic countries. It was also revealed that a possible risk of N leaching losses when using only inorganic N fertilization seems less crucial due to its low level and weak association with N balances.https://www.vimsmit.com/jour/article/view/323yieldgrass leysnitrogen balancenitrogen leachingmeta-analysiscoupled heat and mass transfer model |
| spellingShingle | Elena Valkama Katri Rankinen Perttu Virkajärvi Tapio Salo Petri Kapuinen Eila Turtola Nitrogen Fertilization of Grass Leys: Yield Production and Risk of Nitrogen Leaching Сельскохозяйственные машины и технологии yield grass leys nitrogen balance nitrogen leaching meta-analysis coupled heat and mass transfer model |
| title | Nitrogen Fertilization of Grass Leys: Yield Production and Risk of Nitrogen Leaching |
| title_full | Nitrogen Fertilization of Grass Leys: Yield Production and Risk of Nitrogen Leaching |
| title_fullStr | Nitrogen Fertilization of Grass Leys: Yield Production and Risk of Nitrogen Leaching |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nitrogen Fertilization of Grass Leys: Yield Production and Risk of Nitrogen Leaching |
| title_short | Nitrogen Fertilization of Grass Leys: Yield Production and Risk of Nitrogen Leaching |
| title_sort | nitrogen fertilization of grass leys yield production and risk of nitrogen leaching |
| topic | yield grass leys nitrogen balance nitrogen leaching meta-analysis coupled heat and mass transfer model |
| url | https://www.vimsmit.com/jour/article/view/323 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT elenavalkama nitrogenfertilizationofgrassleysyieldproductionandriskofnitrogenleaching AT katrirankinen nitrogenfertilizationofgrassleysyieldproductionandriskofnitrogenleaching AT perttuvirkajarvi nitrogenfertilizationofgrassleysyieldproductionandriskofnitrogenleaching AT tapiosalo nitrogenfertilizationofgrassleysyieldproductionandriskofnitrogenleaching AT petrikapuinen nitrogenfertilizationofgrassleysyieldproductionandriskofnitrogenleaching AT eilaturtola nitrogenfertilizationofgrassleysyieldproductionandriskofnitrogenleaching |