Reactive magnesia and magnesium oxychloride cement treatments for mechanical enhancement of marl soil
Conventionally, ordinary Portland cement has been employed to stabilize marl soil; however, its high carbon emissions and energy-intensive production process raise significant environmental concerns, especially in the context of sustainable construction practices. As environmentally friendly alterna...
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Elsevier
2025-09-01
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| Series: | Results in Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025019863 |
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| author | Mohamed Harun Umair Ali Mubashir Aziz Mohamed Abdulqadir Mohamed Hammad R. Khalid Shamsad Ahmad Asad Hanif |
| author_facet | Mohamed Harun Umair Ali Mubashir Aziz Mohamed Abdulqadir Mohamed Hammad R. Khalid Shamsad Ahmad Asad Hanif |
| author_sort | Mohamed Harun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Conventionally, ordinary Portland cement has been employed to stabilize marl soil; however, its high carbon emissions and energy-intensive production process raise significant environmental concerns, especially in the context of sustainable construction practices. As environmentally friendly alternative, this study examines the use of Reactive Magnesia Cement (RMC) and Magnesium Oxychloride Cement (MOC) to enhance the engineering performance of marl soil. Marl is a calcareous, clay-rich sedimentary material characterized by high compressibility, low shear strength, and pronounced volume changes when exposed to moisture, which makes it unsuitable for direct use in infrastructure projects without prior treatment. To address these challenges, marl soil specimens were treated with varying dosages of RMC and MOC, and the resulting improvements were evaluated through a series of mechanical and microstructural tests. The mechanical properties assessed included Unconfined Compressive Strength, Elastic Modulus, toughness, and failure strains, while the microstructural changes were investigated using X-ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The results indicate that both RMC and MOC significantly enhanced the mechanical properties and microstructural integrity of the Soil, with MOC demonstrating particularly high early-age strength. These findings demonstrate the potential of magnesia-based binders as effective and environmentally conscious alternatives to OPC, offering promising solutions for stabilizing marl soil in geotechnical and infrastructure applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8ba93ac9d33e48e7ad871b342406b9ed |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2590-1230 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Results in Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-8ba93ac9d33e48e7ad871b342406b9ed2025-06-28T05:30:58ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-09-0127105915Reactive magnesia and magnesium oxychloride cement treatments for mechanical enhancement of marl soilMohamed Harun0Umair Ali1Mubashir Aziz2Mohamed Abdulqadir Mohamed3Hammad R. Khalid4Shamsad Ahmad5Asad Hanif6Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi ArabiaCivil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Construction and Building Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi ArabiaCivil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Construction and Building Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi ArabiaCivil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi ArabiaCivil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Construction and Building Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi ArabiaCivil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Construction and Building Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi ArabiaCivil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Construction and Building Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding author.Conventionally, ordinary Portland cement has been employed to stabilize marl soil; however, its high carbon emissions and energy-intensive production process raise significant environmental concerns, especially in the context of sustainable construction practices. As environmentally friendly alternative, this study examines the use of Reactive Magnesia Cement (RMC) and Magnesium Oxychloride Cement (MOC) to enhance the engineering performance of marl soil. Marl is a calcareous, clay-rich sedimentary material characterized by high compressibility, low shear strength, and pronounced volume changes when exposed to moisture, which makes it unsuitable for direct use in infrastructure projects without prior treatment. To address these challenges, marl soil specimens were treated with varying dosages of RMC and MOC, and the resulting improvements were evaluated through a series of mechanical and microstructural tests. The mechanical properties assessed included Unconfined Compressive Strength, Elastic Modulus, toughness, and failure strains, while the microstructural changes were investigated using X-ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The results indicate that both RMC and MOC significantly enhanced the mechanical properties and microstructural integrity of the Soil, with MOC demonstrating particularly high early-age strength. These findings demonstrate the potential of magnesia-based binders as effective and environmentally conscious alternatives to OPC, offering promising solutions for stabilizing marl soil in geotechnical and infrastructure applications.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025019863Soil stabilizationReactive magnesiaMagnesia-based cementMechanical propertiesMicrostructure |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed Harun Umair Ali Mubashir Aziz Mohamed Abdulqadir Mohamed Hammad R. Khalid Shamsad Ahmad Asad Hanif Reactive magnesia and magnesium oxychloride cement treatments for mechanical enhancement of marl soil Results in Engineering Soil stabilization Reactive magnesia Magnesia-based cement Mechanical properties Microstructure |
| title | Reactive magnesia and magnesium oxychloride cement treatments for mechanical enhancement of marl soil |
| title_full | Reactive magnesia and magnesium oxychloride cement treatments for mechanical enhancement of marl soil |
| title_fullStr | Reactive magnesia and magnesium oxychloride cement treatments for mechanical enhancement of marl soil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reactive magnesia and magnesium oxychloride cement treatments for mechanical enhancement of marl soil |
| title_short | Reactive magnesia and magnesium oxychloride cement treatments for mechanical enhancement of marl soil |
| title_sort | reactive magnesia and magnesium oxychloride cement treatments for mechanical enhancement of marl soil |
| topic | Soil stabilization Reactive magnesia Magnesia-based cement Mechanical properties Microstructure |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025019863 |
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