The Cyclic Peptide Cyclo-zp80r Controls <i>Salmonella enterica</i> and <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Replication in Non-Concentrated (NFC) Orange Juice: Antibacterial Effects and Mechanisms of Action
The market for non-concentrated (NFC) orange juice is increasing rapidly due to consumer demand for nutrients and flavor. However, it encounters challenges in microbial safety, particularly from <i>Salmonella enterica</i> and <i>Listeria monocytogenes.</i> This study aimed to...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Foods |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/14/2506 |
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| Summary: | The market for non-concentrated (NFC) orange juice is increasing rapidly due to consumer demand for nutrients and flavor. However, it encounters challenges in microbial safety, particularly from <i>Salmonella enterica</i> and <i>Listeria monocytogenes.</i> This study aimed to exploit a bio-preservative for NFC orange juice. Results showed that the cyclic peptide cyclo-zp80r had good antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 2–8 μM against <i>S. enterica</i> and <i>L. monocytogenes</i>. It exhibited bactericidal action against <i>S. enterica</i> and bacteriostatic action against <i>L. monocytogenes</i> at a concentration of 128 μM. This study explored the effect of cyclo-zp80r on the pathogenicity of <i>S. enterica</i> and <i>L. monocytogenes</i>. The mortality rate of <i>Galleria mellonella</i> exposed to these pathogens in NFC orange juice decreased from 100% to 60% after cyclo-zp80r treatment, surpassing the effectiveness of nisin. Cyclo-zp80r exhibited depolarization effects on <i>S. enterica</i> and <i>L. monocytogenes</i>. It increased outer membrane permeability and damaged the membrane structure of <i>S. enterica</i>. Cyclo-zp80r also caused distinct morphological changes, mainly cell collapse in <i>S. enterica</i> and localized bubble-like protrusions in <i>L. monocytogenes</i>. It induced reactive oxygen species production and DNA binding. The species diversity and abundance in NFC orange juice were also reduced by cyclo-zp80r, particularly in the genera <i>Pantoea</i>, <i>Aeromonas</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i>, and <i>Erwinia</i>. Additionally, cyclo-zp80r exhibited excellent stability at high temperature (121 °C, 5 min) and in fresh orange juice. These results suggest that cyclo-zp80r could be developed as an effective food bio-preservative. |
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| ISSN: | 2304-8158 |