Study of Diabetes and Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis (Cervical Lymphoadenopathy, Skin TB, CNS TB, Plueural Tubercular Effusion)
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant risk factor for tuberculosis (TB), increasing susceptibility to both pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). Extrapulmonary manifestations, including cervical lymphadenopathy, cutaneous tuberculosis (TB), central nervous system (CNS) TB, and pleura...
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| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_299_25 |
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| author | Praveen K. Tagore Prashant Harit Mahendra K. Bharti Manish K. Sachan Gauri Harit Pratima Singh |
| author_facet | Praveen K. Tagore Prashant Harit Mahendra K. Bharti Manish K. Sachan Gauri Harit Pratima Singh |
| author_sort | Praveen K. Tagore |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant risk factor for tuberculosis (TB), increasing susceptibility to both pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). Extrapulmonary manifestations, including cervical lymphadenopathy, cutaneous tuberculosis (TB), central nervous system (CNS) TB, and pleural tubercular effusion, pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
Materials and Methods:
A hospital-based observational study was conducted on 150 diabetic patients diagnosed with EPTB. The study population was divided into four groups based on the site of infection: cervical lymphadenopathy (n = 50), cutaneous TB (n = 40), CNS TB (n = 30), and pleural tubercular effusion (n = 30). Diagnosis was confirmed using histopathology, GeneXpert, culture, and imaging modalities. Glycemic control was assessed using HbA1c levels, and treatment outcomes were monitored over six months.
Results:
Among the study population, 65% were male, and 35% were female, with a mean age of 52.4 ± 8.7 years. Poor glycemic control (HbA1c >8.0%) was observed in 60% of the patients. The most prevalent manifestation was cervical lymphadenopathy (33.3%), followed by cutaneous TB (26.7%), CNS TB (20%), and pleural tubercular effusion (20%)**. Treatment success was noted in 78% of cases, while 15% showed partial response, and 7% had poor outcomes. Diabetic patients with poor glycemic control had significantly higher treatment failure rates (P < 0.05).
Conclusion:
Diabetes increases the risk of extrapulmonary TB, with cervical lymphadenopathy being the most common presentation. Poor glycemic control adversely affects treatment outcomes. Early diagnosis and strict glycemic management are essential for improving prognosis in diabetic patients with EPTB. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-87aa1549f05e4dba86c527d0df6915e8 |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 0976-4879 0975-7406 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-87aa1549f05e4dba86c527d0df6915e82025-07-05T11:19:56ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsJournal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences0976-48790975-74062025-06-0117Suppl 2S1746S174810.4103/jpbs.jpbs_299_25Study of Diabetes and Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis (Cervical Lymphoadenopathy, Skin TB, CNS TB, Plueural Tubercular Effusion)Praveen K. TagorePrashant HaritMahendra K. BhartiManish K. SachanGauri HaritPratima SinghBackground: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant risk factor for tuberculosis (TB), increasing susceptibility to both pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). Extrapulmonary manifestations, including cervical lymphadenopathy, cutaneous tuberculosis (TB), central nervous system (CNS) TB, and pleural tubercular effusion, pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based observational study was conducted on 150 diabetic patients diagnosed with EPTB. The study population was divided into four groups based on the site of infection: cervical lymphadenopathy (n = 50), cutaneous TB (n = 40), CNS TB (n = 30), and pleural tubercular effusion (n = 30). Diagnosis was confirmed using histopathology, GeneXpert, culture, and imaging modalities. Glycemic control was assessed using HbA1c levels, and treatment outcomes were monitored over six months. Results: Among the study population, 65% were male, and 35% were female, with a mean age of 52.4 ± 8.7 years. Poor glycemic control (HbA1c >8.0%) was observed in 60% of the patients. The most prevalent manifestation was cervical lymphadenopathy (33.3%), followed by cutaneous TB (26.7%), CNS TB (20%), and pleural tubercular effusion (20%)**. Treatment success was noted in 78% of cases, while 15% showed partial response, and 7% had poor outcomes. Diabetic patients with poor glycemic control had significantly higher treatment failure rates (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Diabetes increases the risk of extrapulmonary TB, with cervical lymphadenopathy being the most common presentation. Poor glycemic control adversely affects treatment outcomes. Early diagnosis and strict glycemic management are essential for improving prognosis in diabetic patients with EPTB.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_299_25cervical lymphadenopathycns tuberculosiscutaneous tuberculosisdiabetes mellitusextrapulmonary tuberculosisglycemic controlpleural tubercular effusiontreatment outcomes |
| spellingShingle | Praveen K. Tagore Prashant Harit Mahendra K. Bharti Manish K. Sachan Gauri Harit Pratima Singh Study of Diabetes and Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis (Cervical Lymphoadenopathy, Skin TB, CNS TB, Plueural Tubercular Effusion) Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences cervical lymphadenopathy cns tuberculosis cutaneous tuberculosis diabetes mellitus extrapulmonary tuberculosis glycemic control pleural tubercular effusion treatment outcomes |
| title | Study of Diabetes and Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis (Cervical Lymphoadenopathy, Skin TB, CNS TB, Plueural Tubercular Effusion) |
| title_full | Study of Diabetes and Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis (Cervical Lymphoadenopathy, Skin TB, CNS TB, Plueural Tubercular Effusion) |
| title_fullStr | Study of Diabetes and Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis (Cervical Lymphoadenopathy, Skin TB, CNS TB, Plueural Tubercular Effusion) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study of Diabetes and Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis (Cervical Lymphoadenopathy, Skin TB, CNS TB, Plueural Tubercular Effusion) |
| title_short | Study of Diabetes and Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis (Cervical Lymphoadenopathy, Skin TB, CNS TB, Plueural Tubercular Effusion) |
| title_sort | study of diabetes and extrapulmonary tuberculosis cervical lymphoadenopathy skin tb cns tb plueural tubercular effusion |
| topic | cervical lymphadenopathy cns tuberculosis cutaneous tuberculosis diabetes mellitus extrapulmonary tuberculosis glycemic control pleural tubercular effusion treatment outcomes |
| url | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_299_25 |
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