Comparing the CO2 emissions of metered dose inhalers and dry powder inhalers: a cross-sectional environmental impact analysis of asthma and COPD therapies in South Tyrol, Italy

Comparing the CO2 emissions of metered dose inhalers and dry powder inhalers: a cross-sectional environmental impact analysis of asthma and COPD therapies in South Tyrol, Italy

Introduction Inhalers for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are essential therapeutic interventions; however, they contribute significantly to healthcare-related CO2-equivalent (CO2eq) emissions, particularly currently used metered dose inhalers (MDIs), which use hydrofluoroalk...

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Main Authors: Giuliano Piccoliori, Jonas Mairhofer, Katia Sangermano, Günther Morandell, Adolf Engl, Christian Josef Wiedermann
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2025-06-01
Series:BMJ Open Respiratory Research
Online Access:https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/12/1/e002977.full
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