Experimental Study on the Coupling Dynamics of Metal Jet, Waves, and Bubble During Underwater Explosion of a Shaped Charge
Unlike conventional spherical charges, a shaped charge generates not only a strong shock wave and a pulsating bubble, but also a high strain rate metal jet and a ballistic wave during the underwater explosion. They show significant characteristic differences and couple each other. This paper designs...
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Elsevier
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809925001924 |
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| author | Yu Tian A-Man Zhang Liu-Yi Xu Fu-Ren Ming |
| author_facet | Yu Tian A-Man Zhang Liu-Yi Xu Fu-Ren Ming |
| author_sort | Yu Tian |
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| description | Unlike conventional spherical charges, a shaped charge generates not only a strong shock wave and a pulsating bubble, but also a high strain rate metal jet and a ballistic wave during the underwater explosion. They show significant characteristic differences and couple each other. This paper designs and conducts experiments with shaped charges to analyze the complicated process. The effects of liner angle and weight of shaped charge on the characteristics of metal jets, waves, and bubbles are discussed. It is found that in underwater explosions, the shaped charge generates the metal jet accompanied by the ballistic wave. Then, the shock wave propagates and superimposes with the ballistic wave, and the generated bubble pulsates periodically. It is revealed that the maximum head velocity of the metal jet versus the liner angle α and length-to-diameter ratio λ of the shaped charge follows the laws of 1/(α/180°)0.55 and λ0.16, respectively. The head shape and velocity of the metal jet determine the curvature and propagation speed of the initial ballistic wave, thus impacting the superposition time and region with the shock wave. Our findings also reveal that the metal jet carries away some explosion products, which hinders the bubble development, causing an inward depression of the bubble wall near the metal jet. Therefore, the maximum bubble radius and pulsation period are 5.2% and 3.9% smaller than the spherical charge with the same weight. In addition, the uneven axial energy distribution of the shaped charge leads to an oblique bubble jet formation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8197da5e99764f9aaf94761d2c74b2bb |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2095-8099 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-8197da5e99764f9aaf94761d2c74b2bb2025-07-30T04:17:41ZengElsevierEngineering2095-80992025-07-0150168187Experimental Study on the Coupling Dynamics of Metal Jet, Waves, and Bubble During Underwater Explosion of a Shaped ChargeYu Tian0A-Man Zhang1Liu-Yi Xu2Fu-Ren Ming3College of Shipbuilding Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; National Key Laboratory of Ship Structural Safety, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaCollege of Shipbuilding Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; National Key Laboratory of Ship Structural Safety, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Corresponding author.College of Shipbuilding Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; National Key Laboratory of Ship Structural Safety, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaCollege of Shipbuilding Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; National Key Laboratory of Ship Structural Safety, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaUnlike conventional spherical charges, a shaped charge generates not only a strong shock wave and a pulsating bubble, but also a high strain rate metal jet and a ballistic wave during the underwater explosion. They show significant characteristic differences and couple each other. This paper designs and conducts experiments with shaped charges to analyze the complicated process. The effects of liner angle and weight of shaped charge on the characteristics of metal jets, waves, and bubbles are discussed. It is found that in underwater explosions, the shaped charge generates the metal jet accompanied by the ballistic wave. Then, the shock wave propagates and superimposes with the ballistic wave, and the generated bubble pulsates periodically. It is revealed that the maximum head velocity of the metal jet versus the liner angle α and length-to-diameter ratio λ of the shaped charge follows the laws of 1/(α/180°)0.55 and λ0.16, respectively. The head shape and velocity of the metal jet determine the curvature and propagation speed of the initial ballistic wave, thus impacting the superposition time and region with the shock wave. Our findings also reveal that the metal jet carries away some explosion products, which hinders the bubble development, causing an inward depression of the bubble wall near the metal jet. Therefore, the maximum bubble radius and pulsation period are 5.2% and 3.9% smaller than the spherical charge with the same weight. In addition, the uneven axial energy distribution of the shaped charge leads to an oblique bubble jet formation.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809925001924Shaped chargeUnderwater explosionMetal jetWavesBubbleCoupling dynamics |
| spellingShingle | Yu Tian A-Man Zhang Liu-Yi Xu Fu-Ren Ming Experimental Study on the Coupling Dynamics of Metal Jet, Waves, and Bubble During Underwater Explosion of a Shaped Charge Engineering Shaped charge Underwater explosion Metal jet Waves Bubble Coupling dynamics |
| title | Experimental Study on the Coupling Dynamics of Metal Jet, Waves, and Bubble During Underwater Explosion of a Shaped Charge |
| title_full | Experimental Study on the Coupling Dynamics of Metal Jet, Waves, and Bubble During Underwater Explosion of a Shaped Charge |
| title_fullStr | Experimental Study on the Coupling Dynamics of Metal Jet, Waves, and Bubble During Underwater Explosion of a Shaped Charge |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental Study on the Coupling Dynamics of Metal Jet, Waves, and Bubble During Underwater Explosion of a Shaped Charge |
| title_short | Experimental Study on the Coupling Dynamics of Metal Jet, Waves, and Bubble During Underwater Explosion of a Shaped Charge |
| title_sort | experimental study on the coupling dynamics of metal jet waves and bubble during underwater explosion of a shaped charge |
| topic | Shaped charge Underwater explosion Metal jet Waves Bubble Coupling dynamics |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809925001924 |
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